职业性镉接触工人尿镉含量的影响因素

目的分析镉接触工人的尿镉含量的影响因素。方法选取无锡某电池厂的镉接触工人437名为接触组，另选取782名未接触镉的工人作为对照组，分析2组人群的尿镉含量水平，同时对此镍镉电池厂进行劳动卫生学调查。结果工作场所中镉及其化合物的短时间接触浓度范围为0．002～3．058mg／m3，超标率为87．5％。接触组尿镉含量（中位数1．4300μmol／mol肌酐）明显高于对照组（中位数0．7300μmol／mol肌酐），高浓度接触组的尿镉含量（中位数1．7500μmol／mol肌酐）明显高于低浓度接触组（中位数1．2450μmol／mol肌酐），高浓度接触组的尿镉异常率（6．40％）也明显高于低浓度接触组（2．14％）。对照组和接触组中女性尿镉含量明显高于男性；多元线性回归分析结果显示，车间空气中镉暴露水平、工龄和年龄与尿镉含量的相关系数依次为0．851、0．630和0．038。结论工作场所中镉及其化合物浓度超标、工龄的增加是尿镉含量升高的主要因素，降低工作场所空气中镉及其化合物的浓度至职业接触限值以下和减少接触时间是预防慢性镉中毒的关键。

Influencing Factor of Urine Cadmium Level of Workers with Occupational Exposure

Objective] To analyze the influencing factor of urine cadmium level of workers with occupational exposure. Methods] Totally 437 workers with occupational cadmium exposure in a battery factory of Wuxi were selected as exposure group, another 782 workers without exposure of cadmium were selected as control group, the cadmium levels of the 2 groups were analyzed, and the oc- cupational health survey was performed on this factory simultaneously. Results] The range of short time exposure limit { STEL} in workshop was 0.002 ~ 3. 058 mg/m3 , the over standard rate was 87.5%. The content of cadmium in urine in test group （ the median was 1. 4300 ~mol/mol Cr） was significance higher than that in control group （ the median was 0. 7300 p~mol/mol Cr} ; and the con- tent of cadmium in urine in high concentration { the median was 1. 7500 g.mol/mol Cr） exposure group was obviously lower than that of low concentration the median was 1. 2450 p.mol/mol Cr ） exposure group ; the rate of cadmium content abnormality in urine { 6.40% ） in high concentration exposure group was also lower than that of low concentration exposure group（2.14% } . Cadmium content in urine of female workers was higher than that of male workers. The result of linear regression indicated that coefficient be- tween cadmium content in urine and cadmium concentration in air of workshop, length of service, and age was 0. 851, 0. 630 and 0. 038 respectively. Conclusion]The main factor for cadmium content increasing in urine is concentration of cadmium and its com- pounds beyond standard in workshop and the extending length of service. The key of prevention for cadmium poison is decreasing the concentration of cadmium and its compounds in workshop to the occupational exposure limits and shortening the exposure time