癌症化疗患者发生PICC静脉炎的相关因素分析及护理对策

目的探讨癌症化疗患者发生经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术（peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC）静脉炎的相关因素及护理对策,为临床医护采取针对性预防和护理措施提供依据。方法收集本院肿瘤内科411例行PICC置管的癌症化疗患者的一般资料,包括年龄、性别、原发疾病、伴随疾病、职业、学历、体检情况、体力劳动并记录患者并发症的发生情况,应用SPSS统计学软件分析癌症化疗患者发生PICC静脉炎的相关因素。结果 411例患者中有178例患者发生并发症,其中静脉炎的发生率最高,为30.9%。癌症化疗患者的职业、学历、体检情况、体力劳动与PICC静脉炎的发生显著相关（P〈0.05）,职业为农民的患者是静脉炎发生的危险因素,学历水平、体检情况、体力劳动强度是静脉炎的保护因素。结论静脉炎是PICC最常见的并发症;职业为本地区癌症化疗患者PICC静脉炎发生的危险因素,农民PICC静脉炎的发生率显著高于其他职业患者;学历越高、体检重视程度越高、体力劳动强度越低,PICC静脉炎的发生率越低。

Analysis of the Related Factors of Phlebitis Induced by PICC and Its Nursing Measures

Objective To explore the related factors of phlebitis via peripherally inserted central catheter in the cancer patients who were accepted chemotherapy and to explore preventions and nursing countemleasure for clinical doctors and nurses. Methods We collected 411 patients＇ general material who were accepted chemotherapy via PICC catheter. The general materials included age, gender, primary diseases, concomitant disease, occupation, education background, physical examination, physical labor. We recorded the patients＇ complications that were accepted chemotherapy via PICC catheter. Then we used SPSS statistics software to analysis of phlebitis＇ related factors in cancer patients who accepted chemotherapy by means of PICC catheter. Results In 411 patients, 178 patients had complications. The incidence of phlebitis was 30.9%. The incidence of phlebitis was highest of all complications. We discovered occupations, education background, physical exanfination, physical labor were relevant factors of phlebitis via peripherally inserted central catheter, P 〈 0.05. And we found profession was the phlebitis＇ risk factor, education background, physical examina- tion, and physical labor were phlebitis＇ protecting factors. Conclusion The most conunon complications was PICC phlebitis in cancer patients who accepted chemotherapy via peripherally inserted central catheter. Occupation was the risk factor of phlebitis in the cancer patients who were accepted chemotherapy with PICC catheter in our region, the farmers＇ phlebitis incidence was signlificantly higher than other patients; Patients whose education level were higher, patients whose physical examination were more frequently, patients whose physical labor intensity were lower, phlebitis＇ incidence were lower.