新疆不同民族高血压现况的流行病学调查

目的 了解新疆不同民族高血压的患病率及流行病学现状,为进一步控制高血压病奠定基础.方法 2007年10月至2010年3月应用四阶段整群随机抽样法,在全新疆抽取乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、阜康市、吐鲁番地区、和田地区、阿勒泰地区、伊犁哈萨克自治州等7个地区,抽取年龄在35岁以上样本,进行以心血管疾病为主要内容的流行病学调查,分析高血压的患病率及流行情况.结果 调查人数为15 061人,有高血压的为5701例.总患病率标准化后为36.21%,男性为3 8.70%,女性为34.22%,男性显著高于女性(χ2=20.01,P＜0.01).汉族高血压患病率为33.42%,维吾尔族为28.50%,哈萨克族为48.69%,哈萨克族高血压患病率高于维吾尔族和汉族(χ2=29.36,P＜0.01).不同民族高血压患病风险不同,以汉族人群为参照(OR=1),哈萨克族高血压患病风险增加1.56倍(OR=2.56,95% CI:2.28～2.88).年龄、饮酒、肥胖、糖尿病、高脂血症为汉族高血压的危险因素,性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、体力活动量、肥胖、高脂血症为维吾尔族高血压的危险因素,哈萨克族高血压危险因素为年龄、体力活动量、肥胖、高脂血症.结论 新疆高血压的患病率比较高,随年龄增加呈增多趋势,且存在民族差异.

Current status of primary hypertension in Xinjiang:an epidemiological study of Han, Uygur and Hazakh populations

Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution pattern of hypertension in Xinjiang adult population. Methods A total of 15 061 adults at 35 years old or over were surveyed. Fourstage selected random sampling was employed to analyze the prevalence and distribution pattern of selfreported congestive hypertension in different groups of nationality, age and gender. The sampled adult population was collected from 7 localities ( Urumqi, Ke lamayi, Fukang, Turfan Basin, Hetian, Altay, Yili Hazakh autonomous prefecture) in 23 municipalities and 5 autonomous counties in Xinjiang. The proportion of male to female was 50% each. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 36.21% (male: 38.70% vs female: 34.22% ). The Prevalence of hypertension was 33.42% , 28.50% and 48.69% in Han, Uygur and Hazakh populations respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in Hazakh than Han people ( χ2 = 29.36,P ＜ 0.01 ). The males had a higher frequency of hypertension than the females ( χ2 = 20.01, P＜0.01). The risk of hypertension increased substantially with age. The analysis of multiple logistic regression revealed that age ( OR = 1.06 ), alcohol consumption, obesity ( OR = 3.12 ) and levels of triglyceride( OR = 1.30) and cholesterol( OR = 1.32) and serum glucose ( OR = 1.41 ) were risk factors of hypertension. The corresponding relative hazards were age, alcohol consumption, obesity and levels of triglyceride and cholesterol and serum glucose for Han; the risk factors were similar in Uygur except serum glucose. Age, obesity and levels of triglyceride were only for Hazakh. Conclusion There is still a higher prevalence of hypertension in Xinjiang. The prevalence of hypertension increases substantially with age and there is difference between different nationalities.