聚乙烯醇治疗和预防干眼病的药效学研究

目的观察聚乙烯醇（PVA）对干眼病的预防和治疗作用及聚乙烯醇的眼部停留时间。方法应用角膜虎红染色，对家兔干眼模型以1%虎红染色液滴眼0.1 mL后5 min，用0.9%氯化钠溶液冲洗结膜囊，在裂隙灯下计数着色点，根据着色点数判断等级指数（M）；Schirmer实验，在暗室条件下，对家兔干眼模型用2%利多卡因0.1 mL滴眼局麻5 min后，吸干余泪，4 min后置新华滤纸于下睑中部1/3处，5 min后取出滤纸，测量湿长。角膜的光镜、电镜等方法应用于家兔干眼模型研究PVA对干眼病的预防和治疗作用及聚乙烯醇的眼部停留时间。结果虎红染色结果显示各治疗组与预防组的等级指数均为正值，与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05)；Schirmer实验显示各治疗组与预防组与对照干眼相比较，差异均有显著性(P＜0.01)；PVA滴眼液与对照组比较能显著提高药物在兔眼内的停留时间(P＜0.01)；病理切片检查显示经PVA滴液眼治疗后，其眼角膜基底细胞生长活跃，呈高柱状，上皮细胞剥脱所形成的缺损区已被新生上皮细胞覆盖，细胞排列较规则，即干眼损坏得到修复。结论PVA滴眼液可作为泪液代用品，用于干眼病的治疗与预防。

Experimental Study on the Effect of PVA Eye-drop on Xerophthalmia of Rabbit

Objective To observe the effect of PVA eye-drop on xerophthalmia and its reserving time in eye. Methods Rose bengal solution,0.1 mL of 1%,was instilled into the conjunctiva for cornea staining,5 minutes later,it was washed by 0.9% sodium chloride,then slit lamp examination was done and the areas of staining were graded with grade index(M) evaluated.Schirmer's test 2% lidocaine,0.1 mL,was instilled into the conjunctiva and 5 minutes later,the excess fluid was dried with sucker,4 minutes later,filter paper was placed into lower palpebra,and the lenth of paper wetting measured after 5 minutes.Light microscope,transmission and scanning electron microscope were used to study the changes in dry eye models. Results The result of Rose bengal stain showed that the grade indexes of all treatment and prophylaxis groups were positive with significant difference as compared with the control group(P<0.05).By schirmer's test,all treatment and prophylaxis groups showed very significant difference as compared with the control dry eye(P<0.01).As compared with the control group,PVA eye-drop could significantly increase the reserve time of drug in rabbit eye(P<0.01).It was showen by pathologic sections examination that after treatment with PVA eye-drop,the basement cells in cornea grew actively,showing high columnar type,and the defective area formed by desguamation of epithelial cells was coverd by new epithelial cells with regular cellular arrangement,i.e.,there was recovery of the damage from dry eye. Conclusion PVA eye-drop can be used as a substitute of tears for treating and preventing xerophthalmia.