Cytotoxicity and morphological effects induced by carvacrol and thymol on the human cell line Caco-2 |
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| Institution: | 1. Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González No. 2, 41012 Seville, Spain;2. Area of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain;3. Area of Packaging Materials and Systems, ITENE, C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;1. Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil;2. Department of Antibiotics, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil;3. Department of Histology and Embryology, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil;4. Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), and Research Center Aggeu Magalhães, CPqAM/Fiocruz, University Federal of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil;1. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea;2. Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, South Korea;3. Department of Physiology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Kangneung 201-701, South Korea;1. State University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering – FEA/UNICAMP, Department of Food Technology, LATEM – Laboratory of Emerging Technologies, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-862, Brazil;2. Federal University of Lavras, Food Science Department – DCA/UFLA, Laboratory of Food Microbiology/Unit of Meat Processing and Quality, Lavras, MG CEP 37200-000, PO 3037, Brazil;1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;2. Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;3. Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil;2. Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil;4. Centro Estratégico de Tecnologia do Nordeste, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Essential oils used as additives in the food industry due to its flavour, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, human can be exposed orally to these compounds through the ingestion of foods. In this sense, the present work aims to assess toxicological effects of oregano essential oil on the digestive tract. In concrete, the cytotoxic effects of two components of the oregano essential oils, carvacrol and thymol, and their mixture, on the intestinal cells line Caco-2 after 24 and 48 h of exposure are studied. The basal cytotoxicity endpoints assayed (total protein content, neutral red uptake and the tetrazolium salt reduction) and the annexin/propidium iodide staining indicated that carvacrol and the mixture carvacrol/thymol induced toxic effects. Moreover, a morphological study was performed in order to determine the ultrastructural cellular damages caused by these substances. The main morphological alterations were vacuolated cytoplasm, altered organelles and finally cell death. In addition, although no cytotoxic effects were recorded for thymol at any concentration and time of exposure, ultrastructural changes evidenced cellular damage such as lipid degeneration, mitochondrial damage, nucleolar segregation and apoptosis. |
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| Keywords: | Carvacrol Thymol Essential oil Oregano Caco-2 cell line Morphology |
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