牛黄清胃丸的主要药效学研究

目的：观察牛黄清胃丸对动物胃肠功能的影响,验证其临床清胃解毒,通便止痛的功效,为临床应用提供指导。方法：牛黄清胃丸小鼠(0.83,1.67,3.33 g·kg^-1)和大鼠(0.59,1.18,2.36 g·kg^-1)灌服(ig)给药2次,通过小鼠胃排空试验,大鼠胃液分析, 观察其对胃功能的影响；采用小鼠炭末排出全胃肠推进运动试验,记录炭末排出时间和排便频数,观察其对肠道功能的影响；用醋酸扭体法,观察其镇痛作用。结果：牛黄清胃丸能降低大鼠总胃蛋白酶活性和胃蛋白酶排出量(P<0.01,P<0.05),并呈量效关系,中、高剂量能减少大鼠胃液分泌量(P<0.01,P<0.05),高剂量能降低胃酸分泌总量(P<0.01),而对胃液酸度及正常小鼠胃排空无明显影响；牛黄清胃丸能缩短小鼠炭末排出时间,增加排便频数(P<0.01,P<0.05)；高剂量能减少醋酸所致的扭体次数,疼痛抑制率达40.0%。结论：牛黄清胃丸能促进全胃肠蠕动,降低胃酸分泌和胃蛋白酶活性,并有一定程度的通便和镇痛作用,与临床治疗胃热证相符。

Experimental study on primary pharmacodynamics of Niuhuang Qingwei wan

Objective: To study the primary effects of Niuhuang Qingwei wan on the gastrointestinal function in aninmal for justifying its efficacies in clinic. Method: Mice were twice administered with Niuhuang Qingwei wan (0.83, 1.67, 3.33 g·kg^-1, ig) and rats were twice administered with Niuhuang Qingwei wan (0.59, 1.18, 2.36 g·kg^-1, ig). The effects on the stomach function were evaluated by the gastric emptying test in mice and the gastric analysis in rats. The effect on the intestinal function were evaluated by the propulsive motility of the total gastrointestinal tract test in mice by recording the time and frequency of excreting carbo medicinalis. Its analgesia was explored by using the abdominal constriction test induced by acetic acid. Result: Niuhuang Qingwei wan decreased the activity and secretion of pepsin in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01, P<0.05), the gastric juice volume at middle and high doses (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the gastric acid volume at high dose (P<0.05); However, it had no significant effects on the gastric emptying in normal mice and the acidity in gastric juice. It shortened the excreting time of feces and increased the frequency of defecation (P<0.01, P<0.05). It also inhibited abdominal constriction responses at high dose, and the inhibition rate was 40.0% (P<0.01). Conclusion: Niuhuang Qingwei wan can promote gastrointestinal motility, decrease gastric acid volume and activity of pepsin and show certain analgesia effect. Those findings are consistent with its treating stomach heat in clinic.