复杂性枢椎骨折合并相邻节段不稳的外科治疗

目的 探讨复杂枢椎骨折合并相邻节段不稳的临床、影像学特点,提供合理的手术治疗策略.方法 回顾分析手术治疗且资料完整的21例枢椎骨折患者,男14例,女7例;平均年龄34岁.根据枢椎骨折的类型及其相邻寰枢关节、C2/3椎间的稳定情况,分别采用以下手术方式:(1)前路C2/3椎间盘切除及植骨、颈前路钢板固定;(2)齿状突螺钉固定;(3)后路C1～2椎弓根、颈椎侧块螺钉固定或联合前后路手术,稳定上颈椎.结果 21例全部获得6～36个月随访(平均12个月),术后佩戴颈围3个月,3个月均获得骨性融合,颈椎伸屈侧位片显示颈椎稳定,无内固定松动、脱出及断裂,无椎动脉损伤、神经损伤、脑脊液漏及切口感染等手术并发症.5例脊髓损伤神经功能恢复良好.结论 对于枢椎骨折,在确定骨折的类型及准确判断相邻寰枢关节、C2/3稳定性受破坏程度的基础上,通过手术治疗,可取得良好的疗效.

Surgical treatment of complicated atlas fracture combined with adjacent segment instability

Objective To study the clinical and radiographic characteristics of complicated axis fractures combined with adjacent segment instability and explore reasonable surgical treatment strategy. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 21 patients with axis fractures treated from August 2003 to June 2009. There were 14 males and 7 females at mean age of 34 years. The treatment strategy was based on the fracture type and the stabilities of adjacent atlantoaxial joint and intervertebral C2/3.Treatment strategies included anterior C2/3 interbody discectomy and fusion, anterior cervical plate internal fixation, odontoid screw fixation, posterior C1-2 pedicle screw fixation, cervical lateral mass screw fixation or combined anteroposterior approach. Results All patients were immobilized in a hard collar for thee months and followed up for 6-36 months (average 12 months), which showed bony fusion and cervical stability, with no intraoperative surgery-related complications such as loosening, extrusion or breakage of fixation, vertebral artery injury, nerve damage, cerebrospinal fluid leakage or wound infection. Neurological recovery was observed in five patients. Conclusions For complicated atlas fractures, correct identification of fracture type and instability disturbance of adjacent atlantoaxial joint and C2/3 as well as active treatment can conduce to better effect.