The effect of transforming growth factor beta one (TGF-β1) on wound healing,with or without barrier membranes,in a Class II furcation defect in sheep

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of TGF-β₁ on wound healing in standardized Class II furcation defects of 48 mandibular second premolar teeth in 24 sheep. The experimental design included a control group (carrier only, 25% pluronic F-127), and 2 experimental groups: group A (80 μg/ml TGF-β₁ + carrier) and group B (80 μg/ml TGF-β₁ + carrier covered with a barrier membrane). Sheep were killed either 2 wk or 6 wk after surgery. Mesiodistal sections of the decalcified specimens were quantified histologically using stereology. Percentage volumes of regenerated bone, fibrous connective tissue and cementum were calculated for each furcation defect. Mean values were analysed using multiple ANOVA; p values were calculated using paired and unpaired Student's t-tests. After 2 wk there was more bone in group B than either of the other 2 groups, but this was not statistically significant. By 6 wk more bone was present in group A than in the control group (p<0.02) and also in group B when compared with both group A and the control group (p<0.02 and p<0.44), respectively. In the 4 wk between sampling significantly more bone had formed (group A <0.05 and group B p<0.003, respectively). A negative correlation existed between volumes of bone and fibrous connective tissue and no significant differences between the volumes of cementum were evident between any of the groups. This study demonstrated that TGF-β₁ encouraged bone regeneration in Class II furcation defects in sheep, an effect enhanced by the presence of a barrier membrane. This is the first report on the use of TGF-β₁ in conjunction with GTR in periodontal defects.