嗅球、嗅束的显微解剖学研究

目的详尽了解嗅球、嗅束、嗅三角区的显微解剖学特点,为相关手术入路提供解剖学基础。方法 15例(30侧)颅骨干性标本,进行筛板区域的观察和测量。15例(30侧)头颅湿性标本,对嗅球、嗅束及嗅三角进行显微解剖学观察和拍照。结果筛孔分布在前颅底中线两侧,长(19.77±1.23)mm;中点处宽(3.15±0.45)mm的蝶形凹陷内;鼻甲侧筛孔数目明显多于鼻中隔侧(P<0.01),鸡冠两侧筛孔相对密集。嗅丝由嗅鞘包裹形成嗅神经,嗅神经于嗅窝内汇集形成嗅球。嗅球后极延续为嗅束,嗅束走形在前颅窝底直回与内侧眶回之间,并成为两者的分界,前部扁平,后部横断面呈三角形,前部相对后部较宽。嗅束于前穿质前部延续为嗅三角,以内侧嗅纹、外侧嗅纹分别进入脑实质而终。结论熟悉嗅丝、嗅球、嗅束及嗅三角的显微解剖特点,有利于提高相关手术入路中嗅觉通路的保护及嗅觉功能的保留,从而提高手术成功率,减少并发症的发生率。

Study of microsurgicai anatomy of the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract

Objective To provide the morphological base for microsurgery through the operative approach related to the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract. Methods The structure of regions of ethmoidal plates were observed and measured in 15 dry skulls （30 sides）. The structures of the olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts and olfactory trigones were morphologically observed in 15 eadaverie heads perfused with colored latex. Results The cribroethmoid foramen were distributed in an butterfly-like shape area, of which, each wing was （19.77±1.23） mm in lengh, and （3.15±0.45） mm in breadth （the distance between both the midpoints of each wing）. The number of eribroethmoid foramen in the area adjacent to the nasal coneha were significantly more than that in the area adjacent to the nasal septum （P〈0.01）. There were relatively concentrated cribroethmoid foramen on both the erista galli. The olfactory nerves envoloped by olfactory sheath converged and formed the olfactory bulb in the olfactory fossa. The olfactory tract originated from the olfactory bulb run backward between the gyrus rectus and the medial orbital gyri in the fossa eranii anterior, and the olfactory tract which formed the olfactory trigone in the front of the anterior perforated substance was divided into medial and lateral olfactory stria. And then both the stia entered the brain parenchyma. Conclusions The present data provide the morphological base of the olfactory filaments, bulb, tract and trigone for preserving the olfactory function and avoiding postoperative complications in the patients undergoing mierosurgery through the approach related to the olfaetory way.