120例孕晚期孕妇膳食结构调查与评价

目的:了解孕晚期孕妇膳食结构,为孕期营养保健工作提供科学依据。方法:对2010年3月～9月120例产检孕妇进行膳食营养调查,采用24 h膳食回顾法连续调查7天。结果:孕晚期孕妇每天摄取的食物基本包括五大类食物,食物种类在10～15种的孕妇占61.6%,食物种类<10种孕妇占38.4%,其中蛋类、豆类、蔬菜类、水产类摄入量不足;三餐的热能分布不平衡,早、中餐供能比偏低,晚餐供能比偏高;三大营养素供能比例比较合理;孕妇每日总能量、蛋白质摄入量不足。结论:孕晚期孕妇应重视能量的摄入、三餐能量的分配、膳食结构调节,增加豆类、蛋类、蔬菜和水产品的摄入量,做到平衡膳食,合理营养,保障孕期胎儿正常生长发育。

Investigation and evaluation of dietary structure in 120 pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy

Objective:To understand the dietary structure of pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy,provide a scientific basis for nutritional health care work during pregnant period.Methods:The dietary nutrition of 120 pregnant women who received prenatal examination from March to September in 2010 were surveyed by 24-hour dietary retrospective method for seven days.Results:The intake foods of the pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy every day included five kinds of foods,61.6% of the pregnant women ate 10-15 kinds of foods,and 38.4% of the pregnant women ate less than 10 kinds of foods,the intakes of eggs,beans,vegetables,and seafoods were deficient;the distribution of heat energy supplied by three meals was unbalanced,the heat energy supplied by breakfast and lunch was low,while the heat energy supplied by dinner was high;the proportion of energy supplied by three major nutrients was reasonable;the total energy and protein intake every day were deficient.Conclusion:The pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy should pay more attention to energy intake,allocation of energy supplied by three meals,and regulation of dietary structure,and they should increase the intakes of beans,eggs,vegetables,and seafoods,maintain balance of diet and reasonable nutrition,and ensure normal growth and development of fetuses during pregnant period.