不同喂养方式对早产儿生长发育的影响

目的:探讨早产儿住院期间开奶时间及出院后喂养方式对其生长发育的影响。方法:选择张掖市人民医院102例早产儿,其中7天内禁食者45例,生后72 h经母乳喂养或早期微量喂养者67例,出院后纯母乳喂养者64例,早产配方奶喂养3月者13例,生后即足月配方奶喂养25例。所有早产儿出院后3月、1岁、3岁分别测量体重、身高、头围3项生长指标,按7日内开始喂养、7日后开始喂养和母乳喂养、早产配方奶喂养、足月配方奶喂养分类进行统计分析,观察不同开始喂养时间和不同喂养方式对早产儿体格发育的影响。结果:住院期间7日内开始喂养的早产儿出院后3月时的体重、身高和头围明显高于住院期间7日后开始喂养的早产儿(P<0.05);出院后采用早产儿配方奶、母乳喂养和足月配方奶喂养的早产儿,其3月及1岁时的体重、身高和头围依次降低,3组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),q检验进一步显示,早产儿配方奶、母乳喂养和足月配方奶喂养者体重、身高、头围比较有统计学差异(P<0.01),3组3岁时体格生长指标比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:对住院的早产儿,开始喂养时间早,可以促进3月内的婴儿的体格生长,出院后的用早产儿配方奶能促进1岁内的体格生长,优于母乳喂养,而母乳喂养优于足月配方奶喂养,出院后首选早产儿配方奶或母乳喂养。

Effects of different feeding modes on growth and development of premature infants

Objective:To explore the effect of the starting feeding time in hospital and the feeding modes after leaving the hospital of premature infants on growth and development of them.Methods:A total of 102 premature infants were selected from the hospital,including 45 infants with absolute diet within seven days,67 infants with breast feeding or early minimal feeding within 72 hours after birth,64 infants with pure breast feeding after leaving the hospital,13 infants fed with preterm formula milk,and 25 infants fed with full term formula milk after birth.Three growth indexes,including body weight,body height,and head circumference,were measured in all the premature infants at three months,one year,and three years after leaving the hospital;all the premature infants were divided into different groups according to starting feeding within seven days,starting feeding and breast feeding after seven days,preterm formula milk,and full term formula milk,then the data were analyzed statistically;the effects of different starting times of feeding,and different feeding modes on physical development of premature infants were observed.Results:At three months after leaving hospital,the body weight,body height,and head circumference of premature infants starting feeding within seven days in hospital were statistically significantly higher than those of premature infants starting feeding after seven days in hospital(P<0.05).At three months and one year,the body weights,body heights,and head circumferences in the premature infants fed with preterm formula milk,breast feeding,and full term formula milk decreased in sequence,there was statistically significant difference among the three groups(P<0.01).The results of q test showed that there was statistically significant difference in body weight,body height,and head circumference of premature infants fed with the three modes(P<0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the indexes of physical growth at three years among the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:For the premature infants in hospital,early starting time of feeding can promote the physical growth of premature infants within three months;preterm formula milk can promote the physical growth of premature infants within one year after leaving the hospital,the effect is superior to breast feeding,but the effect of breast feeding is superior to full term formula milk,preterm formula milk or breast feeding is the first choice for premature infants.