Acute HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Share Slan+ Monocyte Depletion—Evidence from an Hyperacute HIV-1 Case Report |
| |
Authors: | Guilherme B. Farias,Robert Badura,Carolina M. Conceiç ã o,André M. C. Gomes,Ana Godinho-Santos,Joel Laia,Pedro Rosmaninho,Diana F. Santos,Catarina Mota,Afonso R. M. Almeida,Susana M. Fernandes,Amelia C. Trombetta,Ana E. Sousa |
| |
Affiliation: | 1.Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.B.F.); (R.B.); (C.M.C.); (A.M.C.G.); (A.G.-S.); (J.L.); (P.R.); (D.F.S.); (C.M.); (A.R.M.A.); (S.M.F.);2.Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal |
| |
Abstract: | Monocytes are key modulators in acute viral infections, determining both inflammation and development of specific B- and T-cell responses. Recently, these cells were shown to be associated to different SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome. However, their role in acute HIV-1 infection remains unclear. We had the opportunity to evaluate the mononuclear cell compartment in an early hyper-acute HIV-1 patient in comparison with an untreated chronic HIV-1 and a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, by high dimensional flow cytometry using an unsupervised approach. A distinct polarization of the monocyte phenotype was observed in the two viral infections, with maintenance of pro-inflammatory M1-like profile in HIV-1, in contrast to the M2-like immunosuppressive shift in SARS-CoV-2. Noticeably, both acute infections had reduced CD14low/−CD16+ non-classical monocytes, with depletion of the population expressing Slan (6-sulfo LacNac), which is thought to contribute to immune surveillance through pro-inflammatory properties. This depletion indicates a potential role of these cells in acute viral infection, which has not previously been explored. The inflammatory state accompanied by the depletion of Slan+ monocytes may provide new insights on the critical events that determine the rate of viral set-point in acute HIV-1 infection and subsequent impact on transmission and reservoir establishment. |
| |
Keywords: | acute HIV-1 infection COVID-19 monocytes slan M-DC8 dendritic cells |
|
|