Association Between Overt Hyperthyroidism and Risk of Sexual Dysfunction in Both Sexes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Surgical Oncology, Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China;2. Department of Reproduction, Southern Medical University Affiliate Dongguan People''s Hospital, Dongguan, China;3. Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China;1. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA;2. Women''s Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia;3. Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA;4. Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and IntimMedicine Specialists, Washington, DC, USA;5. Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, IT, USA;1. Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;1. Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy;2. Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy;3. Unit of Urology, ASST “A. Manzoni”, Lecco, Italy;4. Department of Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundNumerous studies have shown the detrimental effects of overt hyperthyroidism on sexual functioning but a quantitative result has not yet been synthesized.AimTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis that quantifies the association between overt hyperthyroidism and the risk of sexual dysfunction (SD).MethodsA meta-analysis of studies in the literature published prior to February 1, 2020, from 4 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and PsychINFO) was conducted. All analyses were performed using the random-effects model comparing individuals with and without overt hyperthyroidism.OutcomesThe strength of the association between overt hyperthyroidism and risk of SD was quantified by calculating the relative risk (RR) and the standard mean difierences with 95% CI. The quality of evidence for the reported outcome was based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.ResultsOf 571 publications, a total of 7 studies involving 323,257 individuals were included. Synthetic results from 7 eligible studies indicated that overt hyperthyroidism led to significant SD in both sexes (pooled RR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.3–5.17, P = .007; heterogeneity: I2 = 98.8%, P < .001). When we analyzed the data of men and women independently, the pooled results consistently showed that men and women with overt hyperthyroidism were at over 2-fold higher risk of SD than the general populations (RR for males = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.03–6.52, P = .044; RR for females = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.47–4.28, P = .001). Combined standard mean diffierences from those studies providing the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) suggested that women with overt hyperthyroidism were associated with a significantly lower FSFI value in FSFI total scores, subscale sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction domain (all P < .05). The overall quality of evidence in our study was considered to be moderate.Clinical ImplicationsClinicians should know the detrimental effects of overt hyperthyroidism on sexual functioning in clinical practice. Measurement of thyroid hormones should be included in the assessment of patients presenting with SD when they show symptoms of clinical hyperthyroidism.Strengths & LimitationsThis is the first meta-analysis quantifying the relationship between overt hyperthyroidism and the risks of SD. However, the combined results were derived from limited retrospective studies along with substantial heterogeneities.ConclusionOur study has confirmed the potentially devastating sexual health consequences caused by overt hyperthyroidism. However, additional rigorous studies with sizable samples are still needed to better elucidate this evidence.Pan Y, Xie Q, Zhang Z, et al. Association Between Overt Hyperthyroidism and Risk of Sexual Dysfunction in Both Sexes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sex Med 2020;17:2198–2207. |
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| Keywords: | Overt Hyperthyroidism Sexual Dysfunction Risk Meta-Analysis |
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