Fibroid Surgery and Long-Term Improvement in Bladder Symptoms

ObjectiveShort-term studies have demonstrated improvement in urinary symptoms after fibroid debulking surgery, yet long-term data are lacking. This study assessed the long-term impact of fibroid debulking on urinary symptoms several years postoperatively.MethodsThis case series prospectively investigated changes in urinary symptoms of women who underwent fibroid debulking surgery by several gynaecological surgeons at one centre (2011-2016). A follow-up demographics questionnaire and the Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) were administered. Changes in total UDI scores and UDI subscale scores from preoperative baseline to long-term follow-up were calculated.ResultsThirty participants were recruited from the original cohort of 61 women (49% long-term follow-up). There were significant improvements in total UDI scores (P < 0.001), obstructive subscale score (P < 0.001), and irritative subscale score (P < 0.001) 2–7 years postoperatively. Stress subscale scores were not significantly improved even in a subgroup of patients with significant baseline bother (P = 0.101). Six of eight women (75%) were cured of bothersome urge urinary incontinence, and three of eight women (37.5%) were cured of bothersome stress urinary incontinence. Baseline fibroid characteristics or type of surgery did not significantly influence outcomes. There were no significant demographic differences between women with sustained improvements and women with no improvement or worsening symptoms. The results are considered Level III evidence as per the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care Levels of Evidence.ConclusionSurgical fibroid removal produces long-term improvement in most bladder symptoms except for stress-related symptoms that persist over time. Women with bothersome urinary symptoms should be investigated for fibroids and counselled on potential long-term benefits of debulking surgery.