内质网应激与气道变应性炎症关系的研究进展

内质网(ER)是真核生物维持细胞正常功能及内环境稳定的重要细胞器。ER稳态被打乱，如蛋白质加工负荷过大、营养供应不足、病毒感染和氧化还原反应失衡等就会出现内质网应激(ERS)，引发Ca²⁺失衡、ER超载、细胞凋亡途径激活等异常反应，从而影响体内某些重要蛋白质的表达、诱导炎症反应及参与细胞凋亡，导致许多慢性炎症性和自身免疫性疾病的发生。已有研究证实，ERS参与了肥胖症、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肺纤维化等多种疾病的发病机制。关于ERS在气道变应性炎性疾病(AAID)中的作用，目前国内外也有一些最新的研究成果。本文将从ERS介导的免疫调节机制方面进行综述，进一步探讨ERS在AAID发病中可能的作用，以期为未来相关疾病的研究和治疗策略提供新思路。

Advances in studies on endoplasmic reticulum stress and its relationship with airway allergic inflammation

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle in eukaryotes to maintain normal cell function and the stability of the internal environment. When ER homeostasis is disrupted, such as excessive protein processing load, insufficient nutrition supply, virus infection and redox imbalance, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) will occur. It will lead to Ca²⁺ imbalance, endoplasmic reticulum overload, activation of apoptotic pathway and other abnormal reactions. ERS affects the expression of some important proteins, induce inflammation and participate in cell apoptosis, which leads to the occurrence of many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have confirmed that ERS is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, pulmonary fibrosis and other diseases. Regarding the role of ERS in airway allergic inflammatory disease (AAID), there are some latest research results at home and abroad. This paper will review the immune regulation mechanism mediated by ERS, and further explore the possible role of ERS in the pathogenesis of AAID. It provides new ideas for future research and treatment strategies of related diseases.