老年痴呆照料者的家庭综合干预效果分析

目的探讨老年痴呆病人照料者的心理负担及家庭综合干预效果。方法纳入68例痴呆病人及照料者,其中完成研究的有63例。由经培训的精神科医师进行调查,评定工具包括一般健康问卷(General Health Ques tion-naire,GHQ28项)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD24项)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA 14项)。给予心理干预6个月,观察干预前后的GHQ、HAMD、HAMA变化情况。结果干预后照料者发生心理问题的例数较干预前明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预前HAMD平均为(13.88±3.05)分,HAMA平均为(12.88±4.07)分,干预后HAMD减轻至(11.03±3.46)分(P<0.01),HAMA减轻至(9.90±4.21)分(P<0.05)。干预前后差异有统计学意义。结论老年痴呆照料者的心理负担重,焦虑和抑郁情绪明显,家庭综合干预可以减轻照料者的抑郁和焦虑情绪,帮助其建立积极应对策略,进而减轻老年痴呆患者给家庭、社会带来的负担。

The effects of family psychological intervention on the caretakers for patients with dementia

Objective To investigate the burdens of the dementia patient＇s caretakers and evaluate the effects of family psychological intervention on caretakers＇ depression and anxiety status. Methods 68 caretakers were collected and 63 of them were finished the study. The investigations were performed for these caretakers by psychiatrist with General Health Questionnaire （GHQ）, HAMD and HAMA. The intervention lasted for 6 months. The changes of GHQ, HAMD and HAMA were observed before and after intervention. Results The scores of HAMD and HAMA were （13.88：k3. 05） and （12. 884-4. 07）, respectively. After 6 months intervention, the scores of HAMD and HAMA were significantly reduced （11. 034-3. 46, P~0. 001） and （9. 904-4. 21, P〈0. 005）, respectively. Conclusion The burdens of caretakers for patients with dementia are quite heavy, wit h obvious depression and anxiety feelings. The family psy- chological intervention can relieve the burdens and help them to set up positive coping strategies.