全面认识子宫肌瘤导管栓塞治疗的现状、问题和挑战

经4～6.9年的随访证实,经导管子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)在控制症状、缩小肌瘤与子宫体积方面疗效确切,但2年后有肌瘤复发或出现新肌瘤的可能。UAE治疗子宫肌瘤总体上相当安全,但亦可出现严重并发症;UAE对正常子宫组织一般不构成损害,但对以后怀孕过程和分娩有明显影响,其原因可能与UAE后子宫缺氧、收缩乏力有关;UAE还可引起少数妇女闭经,其原因与卵巢功能受损和子宫内膜萎缩有关。目前面临的问题是如何进一步提高远期效果,减少复发以及如何改善和提高UAE的安全性。今后的主要任务是借助于动物实验与临床研究,从病理、药理、生化、内分泌及分子生物学等多个角度入手,开发效能更高、不良反应更少的栓塞剂。

Current status, questions and challenges of transcatheter uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine fibroids

Current status, questions and challenges of transcatheter uterine artery embolization(UAE)in the treatment of uterine fibroids were summarized and analysed. It has been proved that UAE presents a good effectiveness in controlling the symptoms and shrinkage of fibroid and uterine volumes during follow-up of 4 to 6.9 years domestically and abroad, but relapse of the fibroid may however occur in 2 years or longer after UAE. Generally speaking,UAE is safe in the treatment of uterine fibroids but has a possibility of serious complications. UAE has no damage on normal uterine tissues but may affect pregnancy and delivery of patients significantly later on the cause of hypoxia and inertia of uterus. UAE may cause amenorrhea in the minority of women with ovarian failure and endometrium atrophy. The current questions are how to improve long-term efficiency to reduce relapse of tumor and to insure the safety of UAE. It is our further task to exploit more new effective and safe embolic agents by using animal and clinical study on the basic knowledge of pathology, pharmacology, biochemistry, endocrinology and molecular biology. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 449-450)