2006年湖北省城乡居民视力残疾现况调查

目的 探讨2006年湖北省城市和农村视力残疾流行病学情况.方法 采用以人群为基础的横断面调查方法.应用分层、多阶段、整群概率比例抽样的方法,2006年4月1日到5月31日,在湖北省城市和农村地区抽取31个县(市、区),124个乡(镇、街道),248个调查小区,共101 674例样本进行登记、筛查和视力残疾的评定.采用第2次全国残疾人抽样调查专家委员会重新修订的<残疾标准>,通过询问病史和视功能检查(视力检查和视野检查)作出视力残疾的诊断和分级,从致残原因和致残疾病作出视力残疾病因学的诊断.对视力残疾率在城乡、性别、年龄之间的差异进行了卡方检验.结果 湖北省视力残疾率为1.40%(95%CI:1.33%～1.47%),其中城市为0.93%(95%CI:0.88%～0.98%),农村为1.62%(95%CI:1.24%～2.00%),视力残疾率农村高于城市,差异有统计学意义(χ2=68.2410,P<0.0001);无论城市和农村,视力残疾率都随着年龄的增加而增加,10岁及以上各年龄段的视力残疾率农村均高于城市,其中30至80岁年龄段的差异较明显(χ2=33.6569,P<0.0001);女性视力残疾率(1.63%)高于男性(1.18%)(χ2=37.8386,P<0.0001).城市主要的致残眼病是白内障(53.77%),视网膜、色素膜病(10.82%),屈光不正(7.87%),青光眼(6.23%),遗传、先天异常或发育障碍(5.90%)等;农村主要的致残眼病是白内障(48.61%),角膜病(14.17%),青光眼(6.91%),视网膜、色素膜病变(6.19%),遗传、先天异常或发育障碍(5.20%)等.结论 湖北省视力残疾率农村高于城市,首要致残眼病为白内障,应继续开展以白内障复明手术为主的防盲治盲工作,重视农村地区、妇女和老年人视力残疾的防治.

A cross-sectional study on the prevalence of visual impairment in 2006 in Hubei province, China

Objective To determine and compare the prevalence and causes of visual disability in urban and rural areas of Hubei province. Methods A cross-sectional study. From April 1 to May 31 in 2006, based on a stratified, multi-stage, cluster-sampling strategy, 31 counties ( cities, districts), 124 townships (towns, streets), altogether 248 investigation districts, 101 674 sample individuals from Hubei province were selected to conduct inquiry registration, screening and visual disability evaluation. The revised 'Criteria of Disability' formulated by the specialist committee of the 2nd National Sample Survey of Disability was applied. The diagnosis and grading of visual disability were based on history of illness and vision function examination. The etiology diagnosis was made according to the causes of disability and the causing diseases. Chi-square test was used to investigate differences due to gender, age, and areas (urban and rural). Results The overall prevalence rate of visual disability in Hubei province is 1.40% (95% CI: 1.33%-1.47% ). The rate is O. 93% (95% CI:O. 88%-0. 98% ) for urban areas and 1.62% (95% CI: 1.24%-2. 00% ) for rural areas. Rural areas have a higher rate than urban ones and the difference is statistically significant (χ2 = 68.2410, P < 0. 0001 ). The rate increases with age in both urban and rural areas. In age groups older than 10, the prevalence rate in rural areas is higher than urban areas, and the difference becomes significant (χ2 = 33. 6569, P < 0. 0001 ) for age groups 30-80. Females have a higher rate (1.63%) than males (1.18%) (χ2 =37.8386, P<0.0001). The main eye diseases causing visual disability in urban areas are cataract ( 53. 77% ), retinopathy and choroidopathy ( 10. 82% ), ametropia (7.87%), glaucoma (6. 23% ) and hereditary/congenital diseases and developmental disorders (5.90% ). The main causing diseases in rural areas are cataract (48. 61% ), corneal diseases ( 14. 17% ), glaucoma (6. 91% ), retinopathy and choreidopathy (6. 19% ) and hereditary/congenital diseases and developmental disorders (5.20%). Conclusions The rural areas have a higher prevalence rate of visual disability than urban areas in Hubei province. Cataract is the leading cause of visual disability. We should continue the work of prevention and cure of visual disability, the primary work being cataract surgery. More stress should be placed on the prevention and cure effort in rural areas and for females and elderly people.