支气管肺泡灌洗术对肺炎支原体肺炎伴肺不张患儿治疗效果的影响因素分析

目的 研究支气管肺泡灌洗术（BAL）对肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）伴肺不张患儿治疗效果的影响因素。方法 将75例MPP伴肺不张患儿根据BAL疗效分为效果明显组（51例）和效果不明显组（24例），进行LASSO logistic回归分析，探讨影响BAL疗效的因素，并利用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线及限制性立方样条模型评估BAL治疗时的病程对BAL疗效的预测价值。结果 BAL治疗效果不明显组与效果明显组相比，支气管肺泡灌洗液中淋巴细胞比例更低，多个肺叶不张比例及支气管管腔或开口炎性狭窄比例更高，BAL治疗时的病程及阿奇霉素治疗时的病程更长（P < 0.05）。LASSO logistic回归分析显示：BAL治疗时的病程较长（OR=1.23）、多个肺叶不张（OR=11.99）、支气管管腔或开口炎性狭窄（OR=5.31）为BAL疗效不佳的独立危险因素（P < 0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，行BAL治疗时的病程≥11.5 d提示BAL疗效不佳，其灵敏度和特异度分别为91.7%和54.9%。限制性立方样条分析结果显示，BAL治疗时的病程连续性变化与BAL疗效的关联强度呈非线性剂量反应关系（P < 0.05）。结论 对于MPP伴肺不张的儿童，早期BAL治疗效果更佳；多个肺叶不张及支气管管腔或开口炎性狭窄等支气管镜下表现提示BAL治疗效果不佳。

Influencing factors for the clinical effect of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and atelectasis

Objective To study the influencing factors for the clinical effect of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and atelectasis. Methods A total of 75 children with MPP and atelectasis were divided into a good response group with 51 children and a poor response group with 24 children according to the clinical effect of BAL treatment. LASSO logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing the clinical effect of BAL treatment. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and restricted cubic spline model analysis were used to evaluate the value of the course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment in predicting the clinical effect of BAL treatment. Results Compared with the good response group, the poor response group had a significantly lower percentage of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, a significantly higher proportion of children with atelectasis of two or more lung lobes or stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening caused by inflammation, and a significantly longer course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment and azithromycin treatment (P < 0.05). The LASSO logistic regression analysis showed that a prolonged course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment (OR=1.23), atelectasis of two or more lung lobes (OR=11.99), and stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening caused by inflammation (OR=5.31) were independent risk factors for poor clinical effect of BAL treatment (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the course of disease of ≥ 11.5 days at the time of BAL treatment suggested a poor clinical effect of BAL treatment, with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 54.9%. The restricted cubic spline model analysis showed that there was a non-linear dose-response relationship between the course of disease at the time of BAL treatment and the clinical effect of BAL treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Early BAL treatment may have a good clinical effect in children with MPP and atelectasis. Atelectasis of two or more lung lobes and inflammation-induced stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening shown under bronchoscope may indicate a poor clinical effect of BAL treatment.