股骨颈骨折临床研究的若干问题与新概念

骨质疏松是引起股骨颈骨折的重要因素。骨质疏松的程度对于骨折的粉碎情况(特别是股骨颈后外侧粉碎)及内固定后的牢固与否有直接影响。年青人股骨颈骨折则多为严重创伤所致。Garden分型是目前应用最为广泛的股骨颈骨折分型。近年来许多医生发现Garden分型在临床应用中存在一些问题,建议将股骨颈骨折简单地分为无移位型(GardenⅠ、Ⅱ型)及移位型(GardenⅢ、GardenⅣ型)。人工关节置换术曾被广泛应用老年人移位型骨折。对于人工关节置换术的应用,不是简单根据年龄及移位程度来定,而应严格掌握适应证。股骨颈骨折后继发的股骨头缺血坏死尚无单独的诊断标准,目前仍然普遍借用股骨头无菌性坏死的Fi-cat-Arlet分期。核磁共振是目前唯一可以早期诊断股骨头缺血坏死并了解其病变范围和位置的方法。

Some problems and new concepts in clinical research on femoral neck fractures

Osteoporosis is considered as the most important factor which causes the fracture of the femoral neck. Comminution of fracture and rigidity of fixation are greatly affected by the degree of osteoporosis. Femoral neck fractures in young patients are mainly caused by severe trauma. Although Garden classification is widely accepted in classifying femoral neck fractures, in the recent decades some doctors have found out some shortcomings in Garden classification in practical application. It has been suggested to classify the femoral neck fractures simply into displaced and undisplaced ones. Arthroplasty used to be thought as the choice of treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Application of arthroplasty must accord with the indications, not only with the age of the patient or the degree of the displacement of the fracture. There is no X ray diagnosis specially for the avascular necrosis of femoral head secondary to femoral neck fracture, other than Ficat Arlet grade system. MRI is considered to be the only method to diagnose the avascular necrosis of femoral head at an early stage and to defect its extent and location.