宫颈癌早期筛查的研究进展

目前认为宫颈癌的发生、发展是由量变到质变，由渐变到突变的过程。由于宫颈癌有较长的癌前病变阶段，因此宫颈癌早期筛查可使宫颈癌得到早期发现与早期治疗。宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率已有明显下降，但是，近年来宫颈癌发病有年轻化趋势。HPV感染与宫颈癌关系密切，HPV感染已被证明是引起宫颈癌前病变与宫颈癌的必要因素。宫颈癌早期筛查的方法有多种，不同的筛查方法均有其各自的优缺点，随着临床诊断技术的发展，早期筛查诊断的准确率有了很大提高，但目前尚无单一的方法来推广和普及，现采取多种方法联合检查来筛查早期宫颈癌。本文就宫颈癌的早期筛查方法综述如下。

Advances in screening for cervical cancer early

At present, the formation of cervical cancer is considered to be a process which proceeds from quantitative changes to qualitative changes and from gradual changes to a sudden change.Because of a long period of precancerous lesion, early screening of cervical cancer can make it discovered at a early stage and can be efficiently treated.Recently the incidence and death rate of this cancer have obviously decreased, but there is a trend that the people with it become younger in average age. HPV infection correlates closely with cervical cancer, and it is proved that HPV infection is a necessary factor which leads to precancerous lesion and the cancer. There are many methods for early screening of cervical cancer, which have their respective advantages and defects.With the development of clinical diagnosis techniques, the accuracy rate of early diagnosis has been greatly improved, but there is no single method which can be spreaded and popularized. Consequently we adopt the joint inspection of many methods to screening the early cervical cancer.In this paper, the early screening methods are summarized as follows.