父母教养方式与青少年人格特点的关系

目的：探讨父母教养方式与青少年的人格的关系.方法：以湖南、四川、福建、北京四地的637名初二、高二学生为调查对象,采用父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）和中国人的个性量表（CAPI）进行问卷调查.结果：在青少年人格特点方面,女生的神经质均数显著高于男生（t=2.923,P＜0.01）,而男孩的人际和谐性、面子、防御性的均数显著高于女孩（t=2.049,P＜0.05;t=2.904,P＜0.01;t=2.103,P＜0.05）.独生子女的外倾性、开放性、宜人性方面的均数显著高于非独生子女（t=3.577,P＜0.001;t=3.787,P＜0.001;t=4.041,P＜0.001）.父母教养方式的各因素与青少年人格各因素之间的相关系数较多达到显著性水平.经回归分析表明,父母的情感温暖和理解对青少年的外倾性、宜人性、责任心有积极作用;父亲的惩罚和母亲的拒绝否认对青少年的宜人性、人际关系有消极作用.结论：父母教养方式对青少年人格特点有显著影响.

The Relationship between Parental Rearing and Adolescent Personality Traits

Objective: To examine the relationship between parental rearing and adolescent personality traits. Methods: A sample of 637 adolescents was tested by CAPI and EMBU. Results: Neuroticism of girls is higher than that of boys, but interpersonal harmony, face and defensiveness of boys is higher than those of girls. Extraversion, openness and agreeableness of only child is higher than those of other adolescents. Most correlations between parental rearing and Adolescent personality traits are significant. Parental warmth and understanding have positive effect on adolescent extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness, and father punishment and mother refusal have negative effect on adolescent agreeableness and interpersonal relationship. Conclusion: Adolescent personality is greatly affected by parental rearing.