四川省绵阳市地震灾区居民临时安置点卫生状况及灾区居民健康教育需求调查

目的了解地震灾区居民临时安置点环境卫生状况及灾区居民灾后健康教育需求,为开展地震及其他突发公共事件健康教育工作提供依据。方法2008年5月31日至6月2日（四川汶川地震后第19～21天）对绵阳市地震灾区5个灾区居民临时安置点进行现场观察,对安置点居民进行问卷调查和个人访谈。抽样方法为方便抽样。调查内容包括安置点卫生状况、医疗服务状况、健康教育开展状况、居民健康教育需求等。结果共发放问卷430份,收回有效问卷424份。安置点食品、安全饮用水供应充足,每个安置点均设有医疗点,有防疫人员每天定时进行环境消毒,开展了发放宣传材料、张贴卫生宣传挂图、医务人员小型讲座和志愿者入户宣传等多种形式的健康教育活动。分别有98.6%、97.9%、88.7%和93.2%的调查对象认为生活饮用水供应量、食物供应量、厕所（蹲坑）数量及医疗服务能够满足或基本满足需要。调查对象自报各种症状疾病中,以腹泻和发烧伴呼吸道症状的发生率最高。调查对象对卫生防病知识和技能的需求主要表现在对传染病基本知识的需求,需求比例为49.8%,其次是对用水安全知识的需求,需求比例为36.8%。调查对象最期望获取知识的途径是电视。结论地震发生20天左右,地震灾区居民临时安置点的生活保障、卫生设施和医疗服务能够基本满足受灾群众需求,灾后健康教育工作应针对传染病基本知识和技能以及健康危险行为开展,及时发放卫生防病宣传材料能起到良好的健康教育效果。

Survey on sanitation status of temporary allocations and health education needs of residents after earthquake in Mianyang City of Sichnan Province

Objective To understand the sanitation status of temporary allocations and residents' needs on health education,and to provide reterence for further health education during earthquakes and other public health emergencies.Methods From May 31 to June 2,2008(19 to 21 days after the earthquake),field observation,questionnaire survey,and structured interviews were conducted in 5 temporary allocations.Information on health status,health care service,health education,and residents' needs on health education was collected.Results 430 questionnaires were distributed and 424 valid completed ones were returned.Food and water were adequately supplied in these temporary allocations.Clinics were established and environment disinfecting was conducted regularly by public health professionals.Various measures for health education,such as disseminating materials,lecture and face-to-face communication were implemented.The large proportion(98.6%,97.9%,88.7% and 93.2% respectively)of the residents acknowledged that water supply,food supply,lavatories and health service were adequate to fulfill basic needs.Although the awareness rates of water hygiene and hydrophobia were both above 90% among the residents,they still had health risk behaviors like using unsafe water.According the residents' self-report,diarrhea and fever with respiratory symptoms were the most common diseases/symptoms.Among the residents' needs on disease prevention knowledge and skills,the basic knowledge of infectious diseases was most desirable(49.8%),and water hygiene was secondarily most desirable(36.8%).Television was the most favorite approach of obtaining knowledge.Conclusion In the period of 20 days after the earthquake,living security,health facilities,and health care service could satisfy the residents' basic needs.After-disaster health education should concentrate on the basic knowledge and skills of infectious diseases and health risk behaviors.Timely distributing disease prevention materials could be effective.