Two-Dimensional Flow Imaging in the Carotid Bifurcation Using a Combined Speckle Tracking and Phase-Shift Estimator: A Study Based on Ultrasound Simulations and in vivo Analysis |
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Authors: | Abigail Swillens Patrick Segers Lasse Lovstakken |
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Institution: | ∗ IBiTech-bioMMeda (Ghent University), Campus Heymans-Blok B, Gent, Belgium;† Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway;‡ St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway |
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Abstract: | A two-dimensional (2-D) blood velocity estimator is presented combining speckle tracking (ST) and phase-shift estimation (PE) to measure lateral (vx) and axial (vz) velocities respectively. Estimator properties were assessed in a carotid bifurcation using ultrasound simulations based on computational fluid dynamics, allowing validation toward a ground truth. Simulation results were supported with in vivo data of a healthy carotid. ST and PE estimates were combined as: (1) vx from 2D-ST and vz from PE, (2) vx from 2D-ST and vz from PE with aliasing correction based on ST and (3) vz from PE and only lateral ST for vx. Regression analysis showed a 35% to 77% decrease in standard deviation for vz for PE compared with ST. Aliasing correction based on ST improved results but also introduced spurious artifacts. A marginal decrease in performance was observed when only tracking laterally. Further work will focus on in vivo trials in patients with carotid plaques. (E-mail: abigail.swillens@ugent.be) |
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Keywords: | 2-D flow imaging Speckle tracking Phase-shift estimation CFD Ultrasound simulations In vivo |
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