Optimism,Cynical Hostility,Falls, and Fractures: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI‐OS) |
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| Authors: | Jane A Cauley Stephen F Smagula Kathleen M Hovey Jean Wactawski‐Wende Christopher A Andrews Carolyn J Crandall Meryl S LeBoff Wenjun Li Mace Coday Maryam Sattari Hilary A Tindle |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;2. University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA;3. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;4. University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;5. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;6. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA;7. The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA;8. University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA;9. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA |
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| Abstract: | Traits of optimism and cynical hostility are features of personality that could influence the risk of falls and fractures by influencing risk‐taking behaviors, health behaviors, or inflammation. To test the hypothesis that personality influences falls and fracture risk, we studied 87,342 women enrolled in WHI‐OS. Optimism was assessed by the Life Orientation Test–Revised and cynical hostility, the cynicism subscale of the Cook‐Medley questionnaire. Higher scores indicate greater optimism and hostility. Optimism and hostility were correlated at r = –0. 31, p < 0.001. Annual self‐report of falling ≥2 times in the past year was modeled using repeated measures logistic regression. Cox proportional hazards models were used for the fracture outcomes. We examined the risk of falls and fractures across the quartiles (Q) of optimism and hostility with tests for trends; Q1 formed the referent group. The average follow‐up for fractures was 11.4 years and for falls was 7.6 years. In multivariable (MV)‐adjusted models, women with the highest optimism scores (Q4) were 11% less likely to report ≥2 falls in the past year (odds ratio OR] = 0.89; 95% confidence intervals CI] 0.85–0.90). Women in Q4 for hostility had a 12% higher risk of ≥2 falls (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.07–1.17). Higher optimism scores were also associated with a 10% lower risk of fractures, but this association was attenuated in MV models. Women with the greatest hostility (Q4) had a modest increased risk of any fracture (MV‐adjusted hazard ratio = 1. 05; 95% CI 1.01–1.09), but there was no association with specific fracture sites. In conclusion, optimism was independently associated with a decreased risk of ≥2 falls, and hostility with an increased risk of ≥2 falls, independent of traditional risk factors. The magnitude of the association was similar to aging 5 years. Whether interventions aimed at attitudes could reduce fall risks remains to be determined. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. |
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| Keywords: | PERSONALITY OPTIMISM HOSTILITY FRACTURES FALLS PROSPECTIVE STUDY WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE |
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