350名学龄前儿童体格生长和营养水平现状调查

目的了解重庆近郊学龄前儿童的体格生长和营养状况,为进一步在该地区实施营养素干预提供科学依据。方法采用分层与整群抽样相结合的方法,在重庆市巴南鱼洞镇7所规模﹥200名的幼儿园中随机选取3所中的所有3~6岁符合纳入标准的350名学龄前儿童;对纳入儿童的体格生长以及营养状况进行调查和评价。结果 34.26%学龄前儿童很少喝奶及奶制品(﹤2d/周),72.00%基本不吃内脏。低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦及超重或肥胖的儿童比例分别为3.14%,5.71%,6.86%和5.85%。儿童血红蛋白水平为(117.33±9.77)g/L,贫血发生率为25.14%。维生素A浓度为(1.23±0.25)μmol/L,维生素A缺乏及边缘型维生素A缺乏分别为1.14%和22.32%;儿童血清锌浓度为(12.22±7.00)g/L,儿童锌不足(血清Zn﹤10.7μmol/L)发生率为25.14%。维生素A水平与血红蛋白浓度呈显著性正相关(r=0.12,P=0.02),维生素A缺乏的儿童贫血发生率是维生素A水平正常儿童的2.32倍。结论该地区学龄前儿童典型的维生素A缺乏及中、重度贫血已不多见,但边缘型维生素A缺乏及轻度贫血发病率仍较高,儿童体格生长仍处较低水平。

Evaluation on the physical development and nutritional status of 350 preschool children

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the nutritional status and physical development level of preschool children in the suburb of Chongqing city,China,and to provide evidence for further nutritional intervention. METHODS A total of 350 preschool children who met the inclusion criteria from 3 kindergartens in Banan district of Chongqing were recruited in the present study,the children were measured and assessed their anthropometric data and the level of hemoglobin,vitamin A and zinc. RESULTS The prevalence of the preschool children who drank little milk or dairy products and never eat pluck were 34.26% and 72.00% respectively. The overall prevalence of underweight(WAZ﹤-2),stunting(HAZ﹤-2),wasting(BAZ﹤-2)and overweight or obesity(2≤BAZ﹤3)were 3.14%,5.71%,6.86% and5.85%,respectively. The mean hemoglobin concentration was(117.33±9.77)g/L,The overall prevalence of anemia was 25.14%;While the mean vitamin A concentration was(1.23±0.25)μmol/L,and the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency(VAD)and marginal vitamin A deficiency(MVAD)were 1.14% and 22.32%,respectively. The mean serum zinc concentration was(12.22±7.00)μmol/L,and the prevalence of serum zinc insufficient was 25.14%. The correlation coefficients of hemoglobin and vitamin A was r = 0.12,the incidence of anemia was 2.32 –fold higher in children with a lower vitamin A level than in those with a normal vitamin A level. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of VAD,moderate and severe anemia of the preschoolers was low in this region,but MVAD and mild anemia remained high,while the physical development of children remained relatively low.