应用体描仪检测婴幼儿肺功能

目的 观察用体描仪检测婴幼儿患呼吸道疾病时肺功能的变化情况.方法 2006年1月至2009年1月,北京儿童医院进行肺功能检查的小儿930例,其中患呼吸道疾病的婴幼儿900例,健康婴幼儿30名.检查在药物睡眠状态下进行.采用婴幼儿体描仪,通过描记潮气呼吸流速-容量环,应用被动流速容最技术测量呼吸系统静态顺应性、阻力及体积描记法测定功能残气量等评价肺功能.结果 正常婴幼儿潮气呼吸流速一容量环近似圆形或椭圆形.呼吸道疾病的婴幼儿潮气呼吸流速-容量环形状及肺功能参数改变:环变窄、呼气降支凹陷、呼气支或吸气支出现平台.结论 患呼吸道疾病的婴幼儿肺功能较正常婴幼儿明显不同,肺功能试验是监测呼吸道疾病病情较理想的方法.

Measurement of pulmonary function with body plethysmograph in infants

Objective To observe the alterations of pulmonary function in infants with respiratory diseases. Methods A total of 900 infants with respiratory diseases were recruited and pulmonary function measured in 30 healthy infants. The tests were performed in the sleeping infants with sedation. Tidal breathing flow-volume (TBFV) loops were recorded when infants were breathing quietly. Passive flow-volume technique was used to obtain static respiratory system compliance and resistance. Functional residual capacity was measured by body plethysmograph. Results The TBFV loop showed proximate round or oval curve in healthy infants. The shape and parameters of TBFV loop had significant differences in infants with respiratory diseases as compared with healthy controls. The TBFV loop displayed a concave expiratory curve and ratio of time to reach tidal peak flow to total expiratory time, the expiratory volume till peak flow divided by the total expiratory volume significantly decreased in infants with small airway obstruction. The expiratory or inspiratory curve showed a plateau and the ratio of mid-expiratory to mid-inspiratory flow was less than 60% or over 150% in infants with upper airway obstruction. The TBFV loop turned narrow and lung volume decreased in infants with restrictive diseases. Conclusion The TBFV loop show proximate round or oval curve in healthy infants. Pulmonary function has significant differences between healthy controls and infants with respiratory diseases. Pulmonary function test is useful in the assessment of respiratory diseases.