上海市闸北区老年人日常生活活动功能评估与影响因素分析

目的对上海市闸北区60岁及以上居民的日常生活活动功能进行评估,并分析其危险因素,为改善辖区内老年人生活质量提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法并按5%比例从闸北区常住人口中抽取,在此人群中选取60岁及以上的对象进行研究。采用计算相对数、χ2检验以及非条件Logistic回归进行分析。结果 11338名60岁及以上的居民中,平均年龄为73.31岁,男性占46.7%,女性占53.3%。82.2%的人ADL评分等级完全正常,17.8%的人为功能下降或功能有明显障碍。被筛选为慢性病组的人占49.6%,非慢性病组的人占50.4%。慢性病组和非慢性病组在评分等级和行走、洗澡、穿衣等10个单项的评分情况上均有统计学差异,且各单项的＂功能依赖＂程度随年龄增长的趋势较为明显。多因素分析最终筛选出影响ADL评分结果的因素为慢性病史、文化程度和年龄。结论应开展积极有效的社区老年人健康促进活动并建立老年护理保障计划,以提高老年人生活质量。

The Evaluation and Risk Factors of ADL Among the Elderly People in Zhabei District

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the condition and analyze the risk factors of ADL among elderly people over and include 60 years old in Zhabei District,Shanghai,so as to provide suggestion for improving living quality of the elderly people.METHODS The population was selected among permanent residents of Zhabei by randomized cluster sampling method with proportion of 5%.The study used proportion,chi-test and non-conditional logistic regression in data analysis.RESULTS There were 11 338 people over and include 60 years old,whose average age was 73.31 years old.Males accounted for 46.7% and females accounted for 53.3%.82.2% of the total 11 338 people＇s ADL was evaluated as normal,the other 17.8% was abnormal.49.6% had at least one chronic disease,while 50.4% had not.There were statistical differences between people with and without chronic disease in degree of total evaluation and 10 individual events,and obvious age tendency in degree of individual events.Multi-variate analysis showed that chronic diseases history,education and age were the factors effecting ADL.CONCLUSIONS We should carry out effective health improvement activities and set up care security plan among the elderly people in community.