Photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer by means of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX - in vivo experiments on the dunning rat tumor model

OBJECTIVE: In order to expand the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of prostate carcinoma (PCA), the aim of this study was to evaluate PDT by means of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in an in vivo tumor model. METHODS: The model used was the Dunning R3327 tumor. First of all, the pharmacokinetics and the localization of PPIX were obtained using fluorescence measurement techniques. Thereafter, PDT using 150 mg 5-ALA/kg b.w. i.v. was performed by homogenous irradiation of the photosensitized tumor (diode laser lambda = 633 nm). The tumors were resected 2 days post-PDT and the extent of the necrosis was determined histopathologically. RESULTS: The kinetics of PPIX fluorescence revealed a maximum intensity in the tumor tissue within 3 and 4.5 h post-application of 5-ALA. At this time, specific PPIX fluorescence could be localized selectively in the tumor cells. The PDT-induced necrosis (n = 18) was determined to be 94 +/- 12% (range 60-100%), while the necrosis of the controls (n = 12) differs significantly (p < 0.01), being less than 10%. CONCLUSION: These first in vivo results demonstrate the effective potential of 5-ALA-mediated PDT on PCA in an animal model.