槟榔碱对口腔癌患者及小鼠肝脏功能影响的初步研究

目的:通过比较有、无槟榔咀嚼史的口腔癌患者肝功能指标变化,并与槟榔碱诱导小鼠口腔黏膜下纤维化模型的肝脏损伤比较,探讨槟榔碱对肝脏功能的影响。方法:比较有、无咀嚼槟榔史各50名口腔癌男性患者谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL)肝功能指标差异;将45只小鼠,随机分成对照组、停药组、不停药组,每组15只。配制1000mg/L槟榔碱溶液分别持续自由喂养停药组、不停药组2周后,停药组改用实验室灭菌水自由喂养2周,不停药组继续槟榔碱溶液喂养2周;对照组用实验室灭菌水自由喂养4周。检测各组小鼠不同时间段上述肝功能指标变化情况,并采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察小鼠肝脏组织学改变。结果:与无咀嚼槟榔史患者相比,咀嚼槟榔的肝功能指标AST、TBIL显著升高(P<0.05),ALT、ALP无明显变化;与对照组小鼠相比,停药组和不停组随用药时间增长,ALT、AST、ALP显著升高(P<0.05),而停药组停药2周后ALT、AST、ALP显著下降(P<0.05),TBIL无统计学差异;HE染色显示肝脏均出现损伤,但不停药组小鼠损伤更为明显。结论:槟榔的成分对肝脏有损伤,其作用的有效成分可能是槟榔碱。

Effects of Arecoline on Liver Function in Oral Cancer Patients and Mice.

Objective: To discuss the influences of arecoline on liver function, by comparing the liver function indexes changes of oral cancer patients with history of betel chewing or not, and the liver injury of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) mice model induced by arecoline. Methods: The liver function indexes of 50 oral cancer male cases with history of betel chewing or not, which included ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL, were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. Forty-five mice were randomly divided into control group, drug withdrawal group, and constantly drug group. Each group had 15 mice. Drug withdrawal group and constantly drug group were fed with 1000 mg/L arecoline solution for 2 weeks, respectively. Then the drug withdrawal group was fed with aqua sterilis, while the constantly drug group was fed with arecoline solution for another 2 weeks. The control group was fed with aqua sterilis for 4 weeks. The liver function indexes which was the same as human in each group in different time-points (1, 2, 4week) were detected by the same method. The histopathological changes of mice livers were observed by HE staining. Results: Compared with the patients with no history of betel chewing, the AST and TBIL of patients with history of betel chewing increased significantly (P<0.05), while ALT and ALP had no significant change. Compared with the control group, as time prolonging, the ALT, AST, and ALP increased significantly (P<0.05) in the drug withdrawal group and constantly drug group. However, after arecoline was stopped for two weeks, ALT, AST, and ALP decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the drug withdrawal group, but TBIL showed no significant change. HE staining of each groups showed the liver injury. The injury of constantly drug group was more significant. Conclusion: The ingredients of betel quid damage liver, whose effective component may be arecoline.