Interaction between pre-landing activities and stiffness regulation of the knee joint musculoskeletal system in the drop jump: implications to performance |
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Authors: | Horita T Komi P V Nicol C Kyröläinen H |
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Institution: | Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Toyama University, Gofuku, Japan. thorita@edu.toyama-u.ac.jp |
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Abstract: | The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interaction between the pre-landing activities and the stiffness
regulation of the knee joint musculoskeletal system and the takeoff speed during a drop jump (DJ). Nine healthy male subjects
performed a DJ test from the height of 50 cm. The surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle
was recorded to evaluate both the pre-landing and post-landing muscle activation levels. Simultaneous recording of the jumping
motion and ground reaction force was performed by a high-speed video camera (100 frames·s–1), and a force platform was employed to allow joint moment analysis. Joint stiffness was calculated by a linear regression
of the knee joint moment/angle relationship. Elasticity of the knee extensor muscle during DJ was estimated by means of a
four-element muscle model consisting of a parallel elastic component, a series elastic component (SEC), a viscous damper,
and a contractile element. DJ performance correlated positively with the positive peak power of the knee joint (P<0.01) and with the moment of the knee joint at the end of stretch (P<0.01). However, there was no significant relationship between DJ performance and the positive peak power of the ankle joint.
The knee joint moment at the end of stretch correlated with the SEC stiffness during the transmission phase from the end of
the initial impact to the onset of the concentric action (P<0.01) and with the maximum rate of isometric force development of the knee extensors (P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the SEC stiffness during the transmission phase of the knee joint can be
explained by a combination of the pre-activity of the VL muscle and the knee joint angular velocity at touchdown (F=5.76, P<0.05). These results seem to emphasize the functional significance of the pre-programmed activity for controlling the subsequent
stiffness regulation and then contributing to the performance in DJ. Thus, it can be suggested that the centrally pre-programmed
activity and the associated elastic behavior of the SEC in the knee extensor muscle in conjunction with the muscle contractile
property play a major role in regulating the performance in DJ.
Electronic Publication |
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Keywords: | Stiffness regulation Stretch-shortening cycle Muscle mechanics Movement strategy |
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