Indications for Pericardial Glutaraldehyde-Preserved Xenograft in Repair of Congenital Heart Disease

A glutaraldehyde-preserved equine pericardial xenograft was implanted in 370 patients between 1981 and 1987; pericardial sac closure in 320 (mainly over Dacron implants), atrial repairs in 19, arterial reconstructions in 22 (right outflow tract in 19, Konno's procedure in three), control of bleeding after surgery for thoracic aneurysms in seven, control of plasma leaking PTFE graft in one, and repair of diaphragmal agenesia in one. Overall infection rate was 3/370 (0.8%). Epicardial adhesions (12) at reoperation for orthotopical implants were graded 1.3 +/- 0.9 on a scale of 6 (0 = no adhesions, 5 = calcified or ossified adhesions) after 4 +/- 2 months. Shrinkage of xenograft occurred in 3/19 (16%) atrial repairs and lesser degree aneurysmal dilatation appeared in 1/19 (5%) reconstructions of the right outflow tract. No complications occurred in the implants without direct exposure to the blood stream. We recommend pericardial xenograft for Konno's procedure and control of bleeding. It should not be used routinely in the low pressure side.