不同剂型活性炭对急性敌敌畏中毒大鼠的疗效评价研究

目的通过观察粉状炭、片状炭和活性炭混悬液对致死量和非致死量敌敌畏染毒大鼠的解毒作用，评价不同剂型活性炭在解救急性有机磷中毒时的疗效。方法致死剂量组：将健康大鼠40只随机分为4组，3组为活性炭治疗组，1组为染毒未治疗组。全部动物一次灌胃给予敌敌畏45mg／kg染毒，灌胃容积为1ml／100g。染毒5min后开始治疗：粉状炭治疗组给予粉状炭1g／kg；混悬液组给予活性炭混悬液1g/kg；片状炭治疗组给予片状炭1g／kg；染毒未治疗组给予蒸馏水。观察各组动物死亡情况，比较4组动物病死率。非致死剂量组：健康大鼠32只随机分为4组，全部动物禁食24h后，全部动物一次灌胃给予敌敌畏15mg／kg染毒，灌胃容积为1ml／100g。染毒5min后开始治疗：粉状炭治疗组给予粉状炭1g/kg，混悬液组给予活性炭混悬液1g／kg，片状炭治疗组给予片状炭1g／kg，染毒未治疗组给予蒸馏水，以上各组均灌胃给药，给药容积为1ml／100g。4组动物分别以染毒前、染毒后0．5、2、6、24h断尾采血10μl，测定全血胆碱酯酶活性，计算胆碱酯酶抑制率（染毒前胆碱酯酶活性-染毒后胆碱酯酶活性）／染毒前胆碱酯酶活性]，比较4组不同时间胆碱酯酶抑制率。并比较4组动物中毒后肌束颤动的差异。结果与染毒未治疗组比较只有粉状炭治疗组显著减低致死量敌敌畏大鼠的病死率（P〈0．01）；3种剂型活性炭均能显著减轻非致死量敌敌畏对大鼠胆碱酯酶的抑制率（P〈0．05），其中粉状炭的作用明显强于片状炭和活性炭混悬液（P〈0．05）；另外粉状炭能明显减轻非致死量敌敌畏致肌束颤动作用（P〈0．05）。结论粉状炭具有较好的解救急性有机磷中毒的作用。

Evaluation of the effects of three kinds of activated carbons on rats with acute organophosphate poisoning

Objective To investigate the effects of three kinds of activated carbons （ powder, lamellar and SUSPL） on rats with acute organophosphate poisoning （AOP） in lethal close or un-lethal dose in order to evaluate which one is the best choice in the treatment of AOP. Methods Seven-two rats were randomly divided into 8 groups,including 4 lethal close groups and 4 un-lethal dose groups. The 40 rats in lethal dose groups （10 rats in each group） were given diehlorovos by gavage （45mg/kg） once, then the 10 rats in control groups were administrated with normal saline by garage, while the other 30 rats were treated with three kinds of activated carbons. The other 32 rats in un-lethal dose groups were subdivided into 4 groups （ 8 rats in each group）. All the rats were fasted for 24h, then all the rats were given dichlorovos by gavage （15mg/kg） once, and the other treatment was performed as metioned in lethal dose groups. The levels of AchE at the 0,0.5h ,2h ,6h and 24h after poisoning were detected and the Ache inhibition rate was calculated and compared respectively. Results The mortality in AC powder treatment group was decreased significantly after given with high-dose dichlorvos （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Three kinds of AC decreased AchE inhibition rate significantly in the groups given with low-dose dichlorvos （ P 〈 0.05） and the AC powder had the best effect in protecting AchE and relieving trill of rat muscle （ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The activated carbon powder is the best choice in the treatment of AOP.