儿童结核病421例临床特点分析

目的探讨421例儿童结核病的临床特点,为结核病治疗和制订结核病防治策略提供依据。方法选择2011年1月1日至2013年12月31日重庆医科大学附属儿童医院收治的421例结核病患儿为研究对象,对其临床特点进行回顾性分析。结果 421例患儿中,男249例（59.14%）,女172例（40.86%）;农村患儿297例（70.55%）,城市患儿124例（29.45%）;肺内结核184例（43.71%）,单纯肺外结核58例（13.78%）,肺结核合并肺外结核89例（21.14%）,血行播散型结核病90例（21.38%）;结核菌素试验阳性率71.26%（62/87）,涂片阳性率15.92%（53/333）,结核杆菌培养阳性率23.83%（61/256）,结核杆菌聚合酶链反应阳性率22.68%（22/97）。结论重庆地区儿童结核病男性多于女性,农村多于城市,年龄分布主要见于4岁以下患儿,实验室检查能够为结核病的诊断提供参考。

Clinical characteristics of 421 children with tubercluosis

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of 421 children with tuberculosis （TB）,so as to provide ba-sis for treatment and developing strategy of TB. Methods A total of 421 children with TB,who were treated in the Children＆#39;s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1,2011 to December 31,2013 were selected as objects,the clinical fea-tures of which were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 421 children,249 cases were male（59.14%）,and the other 172 cases were female（40.86%）;297 children（70.55%） were from rural regions,the other 124 cases（29.45%） were from urban re-gions;184 cases were pulmonary TB（43.71%）,58 cases simple extrapulmonary TB（13.78%）,89 cases TB combined with ex-trapulmonary TB（21.4%） and 90 cases hemo-disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis（21.38%）;the positive rate of tuberculin test was 71.26%（62/87）,the slide positive rate was 15.92%（53/333）,the positive rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis was 23.83%（61/256） and the positive rate of TB-polymerase chain reaction（PCR） was 22.68%（22/97）. Conclusions Among the 421 children with TB in Chongqing areas,the female patients are more than male ones,and the rural patients are more than the urban ones ar-eas;the patients are mainly distributed in the children below 4 years old. Laboratory examination can provide reference for the di-agnosis of TB.