青霉胺治疗引起肝豆状核变性神经症状加重

目的 探讨肝豆状核变性(WD)患者在使用青霉胺治疗过程中出现神经症状加重的原因和机制.方法 选取初诊WD患者40例(其中脑型32例,肝型8例),健康对照20名.对WD患者进行神经症状评分,测定脑脊液铜、血清铜、24 h尿铜、脑脊液和血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、血脑屏障指数(AR值).使用青霉胺治疗3个月后,再次进行神经症状评分,用相同方法测定以上指标.所有数据进行统计学分析.结果 15例(46.9%)脑型WD患者使用青霉胺治疗后出现神经症状加重.症状加重的WI)患者治疗后脑脊液铜(0.083±0.030)mg/L]、脑脊液及血清中NSE(3.00±1.17)、(6.79±2.20)μg/L]高于治疗前分别为(0.072±0.027)mg/L,(1.32±0.85)、(3.45±2.09)μg/L,t=3.12、2.53、2.71,P<0.05],血清铜低于治疗前治疗前后分别为(0.37±0.09)和(0.25±0.08)mg/L,t=3.17,P<0.05].症状加重的患者尿铜排出量显著低于症状改善者.治疗前后AR值分别为(9.53±3.18)和(12.24±3.17)]差异无统计学意义(t=1.45,P>0.05).结论 初诊WD患者使用青霉胺后是否出现症状加重与其神经系统病变程度和使用青霉胺治疗的剂量有关.青霉胺治疗早期神经症状加重的原因可能是脑铜的增加、神经元新近的损伤和坏死以及铜从中枢神经系统排出困难.

The mechanism for neurological symptom deterioration in Wilson' s disease during the treatment of D-penicillamine

Objective To explore the mechanism of the secondary deterioration of neurological symptoms in Wilson' s disease (WD) at early stage of treatment using D-penicillamine. Methods Forty non-treated WD patients, 32 of encephalic and 8 hepatic type respectively, were enrolled in the study. Their neural symptoms were scored using modified Young grade. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) copper, serum copper, urinary copper, neuron specific enolase (NSE) in CSF and the albumin ratio CSF/serum (AR) were measured at the same time. After 3 months of treatment with D-penicillamine, neural symptoms of patients were scored again. All dates were analyzed. Results After 3 months of treatment with D-penicillamine, 15 patients (46. 9%) developed a secondary deterioration in neurological symptoms. The concentration of copper and the NSE in CSF of patients whose neural symptom was increasingly deteriorated. The serum copper declined after treatment((0. 37± 0. 09) vs (0. 25 ± 0. 08) mg/L, t = 3. 17, P < 0. 05). The 24 hours urinary copper of patients whose symptoms had deteriorated was much lower than that of patients who had not. No significant change was found in AR ratio before and after the treatment (9. 53 ± 3.18vs12.24±3.17) in the worsened group (t=1.45, P>0. 05). Conclusions The degree of the injury in the neural system and the dose of penicillamine may affect the deterioration of the neural symptom.