家用燃料气态燃烧产物对室内空气污染的初步评估

目的 初步评估天然气、液化石油气和蜂窝煤的气态燃烧产物对室内空气污染的影响程度和特征.方法 在特别设计的3间实验房间内分别使用天然气、液化石油气和蜂窝煤在室内进行定量燃烧,同时根据国家标准方法采集空气样品并测定SO2、NO2、CO和甲醛的浓度,对其排放量和排放特征进行分析.结果 3种燃料的气态燃烧产物(SO2、NO2、CO、甲醛)中,均以CO和NO2的排放量最高.在日均用量下,蜂窝煤的CO和NO2排放量远高于天然气和液化石油气.使用蜂窝煤的家庭CO单位排放量高达30 136 mg/kg,明显高于液化石油气(8 725 mg/kg)和天然气(2 755 mg/kg);液化石油气的NO2单位排放量(42.69 mg/kg)则明显高于蜂窝煤(20.01 mg/kg)和天然气(11.87 mg/m3).在通风不良的室内,均可使室内CO和NO2浓度均超过GB/T 18883-2002<室内空气质量标准>.结论 厨房室内燃烧天然气或液化石油气,能造成CO和NO2的污染.

Evaluation for Indoor Air Pollution Caused by Gaseous Combustion Products From Three Kinds of Domestic Fuels

Objective To evaluate the influence of gaseous combustion products of the natural gas (NG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and coal on the indoor air quality. Methods The three kinds of domestic fuels were burned in the designed experimental rooms and the concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO and formaldehyde in the indoor air were determined according to the standard methods at the same time, the emission characteristics of SO2, NO2, CO in these fuels were analyzed also. Results The emission level of CO was the highest in the four combustion products of all three fuels. According to the average daily usage in general families in China, the emission of CO in the coal combustion was much higher than that in combustion of NG and LPG. The unit emission of CO of the coal for house use could reach 30 136 mg/kg, much higher than LPG(8 725 mg/kg)and NG(2 755 mg/kg). The unit emissions of NO2 of LPG combustion (42.69 mg/kg) was higher than the coal and NG (20.01 mg/kg, 11.87 mg/kg), so in the unventilated rooms it could still make the indoor air quality exceed Chinese indoor air quality standard limits. Conclusion Burn of NG or LPG in the kitchen could also cause indoor air pollution.