胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术方法选择

目的 探讨不同类型胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术方法.方法 1994年1月至2008年6月,手术治疗56例胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者,男40例,女16例;年龄43～76岁,平均58.1岁;病程3个月至5年,平均13.4个月.通过CT及MR检查观察骨化累及节段、分布特点、骨化巢形态、椎管狭窄程度以及脊髓压迫程度等.患者均采用全椎板整块或分解切除加后外侧融合术进行治疗.术后手术疗效采用日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分进行评价.结果 术后患者均获得随访,随访时间18～70个月,平均25个月.JOA评分由术前平均(6.25±2.47)分(0～10分)改善至末次随访时(7.53±3.20)分(0～11分).术后恢复率为-116.7%～100%;56例中优25例,良20例,可6例,差5例,优良率80.4%.CT扫描显示根据骨化巢形态胸椎黄韧带骨化分为外侧型6例,弥漫型17例,厚结节型33例.6例外侧型患者采用整块全椎板切除法,手术优良率为83.3%(5/6);弥漫型患者中,采用整块全椎板切除法11例、椎板分解切除法6例,手术优良率分别为81.8%(9/11)、83.3%(5/6);厚结节型患者中,采用整块全椎板切除法4例、椎板分解切除法29例,手术优良率分别为50%(2/4)、82.8%(24/29),并各有2例术后疗效差.结论 全椎板整块切除加后外侧融合适用于治疗外侧型、弥漫型胸椎黄韧带骨化,而全椎板分解切除法加后外侧融合适用于厚结节型胸椎黄韧带骨化.

Surgical procedures of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum

Objective To investigate different surgical procedures for treatment of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum.Methods From January 1994 to June 2008,56 cases of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum underwent different surgical procedures.There were 40 males and 16 females,aged from 43 to 76 years(average 58.1 years).The courses of disease were 3 months to 5 years,average 13.4 months.CT and MRI examinations were used to observe ossification involving levels,distributions,ossification nest shapes,spinal canal stenosis and spinal cord compression and so on.All patients were treated with en bloc or dissolved laminectomy combining with posterolateral fusion.Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score was used to evaluate postoperative outcomes.Results The patients were followed up for 18 to 70 months,with an average of 25 months.The mean JOA score increased from 6.25±2.47 preoperatively to 7.53±3.20 at the final follow-up.According to CT scans,the ossifications were divided into lateral type in 6 cases,diffuse type in 17 and thickened nodular type in 33 cases.Patients of lateral type was treated with en bloc laminectomy,and the excellent and good rate was 83.3%.In the patients of diffuse type,11 were treated with en bloc laminectomy and 6 with dissolved laminectomy,and the excellent and good rate was and 81.8% and 83.3% respectively.For patients of thickened nodular type,4 were treated with en bloc laminectomy and 29 with dissolved laminectomy,the excellent and good rate was 50% and 82.8% respectively,and 2 cases presented spinal cord injury aggravation.Conclusion En bloc laminectomy combining with lateral fusion is ideal surgical procedure for lateral type and diffuse type,dissolved laminectomy combining with laeral fusion is suitable for thickened nodular type.