2008年青海省循化县碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的 了解和掌握循化县碘缺乏病防治现状,为今后制定防治措施和策略提供参考依据.方法 根据循化县碘缺乏病的历史资料,2008年在清水、白庄、红旗、街子和尕愣5个乡(镇)分别调查1所乡中心小学和1所村级小学,共调查9所小学校(尕愣乡只有1所学校).在每所小学抽取40名8～10岁学生采用触诊法检查甲状腺大小,检测其中20名学生的尿碘水平和家中食用盐的含碘量,人数不足时,从邻近的学校补足.每所中心小学抽取30名五年级学生进行健康教育问卷调查;在每所小学所在村,调查10名家庭主妇对碘缺乏病防治知识的认知情况,并检测其家中食盐的含碘量.结果 8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率7.9%(30/378),其中,白庄和尕愣乡最高(11.9%,5/42),清水乡最低(2.4%,1/42);8～10岁儿童尿碘水平的尿碘中位数196.5μg/L,尿碘<50μg/L的占5.3%(11/208),尕愣乡<50μg/L的占25.0%(5/20);居民合格碘盐食用率91.4%(159/174),街子镇查家村、团结村和白庄乡的民主村合格碘盐食用率分别为79.0%(15/19)、83.3%(15/18)和89.5%(17/19);碘缺乏病防治知识问卷调查,家庭主妇和五年级学生的平均分分别为2.8、2.1分.结论 循化县通过多年碘缺乏病防治,取得了显著的成绩,但仍需要加强碘盐监测和碘缺乏病防治知识宣传等方面的工作.

Analysis of surveillance results of iodine deficiency disorders in Xunhua county Qinghai province in 2008

Objective To understand the iodine deficiency disorders in Xunhua county Qinghai province, and to provide reference values for setting up prevention and control strategy. Methods According to historical data of Xunhua county, 1 township center elementary school and 1 village elementary school were sampled in Qingshui, Baizhuang, Hongqi, Jiezi and Galeng townships. A total of 9 elementary schools were investigated (Caleng has only 1 elementary school). Fourty children aged 8-10 years were checked thyroid size by palpation in every school. Twenty children were chosen to assay their urinary iodine and edible salt iodine in every school. Thirty 5-grade students were surveyed by questionnaire on health education in every school. Ten housewives were inquired prevention knowledge on iodine deficiency disorders and salt iodine level was tested in every village. Results Goiter rate was 7.9%(30/378) in children aged 8-10 years, with Baizhuang and Galeng the highest (11.9%,5/42), and Qingshui the lowest (2.4%, 1/42). The median was 196.5 μg/L in children aged 8-10 years, and urinary iodine level lower than 50 μg/L was accounted for 5.3% (11/208), but that value was 25.0% (5/20)in Galeng. The average qualified rate of using edible salt was 91.4%(159/174), and that rates were 79.0%(15/19), 83.3%(15/18) and 89.5%(17/19) in Chajia, Tuanjie and Minzhu villages, respectively. The average score were 2.8, 2.1 in health education survey of the 5-grade students and housewives. Conclusions After years effort in prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders, remarkable progress has been made in Xunhua County. The monitoring of iodized salt and the knowledge spreading are still need to be strengthened.