H7N9亚型禽流感病毒研究进展

H7N9亚型禽流感病毒(H7N9 AIV)是危害家禽养殖的主要病原体之一,其不仅制约家禽养殖业的健康发展,而且表现出对人类较强的传染性和较高的致死率,严重威胁公共卫生安全。2013年我国首次报道人类感染H7N9 AIV事件,病毒溯源发现家禽体内存在H7N9 AIV,但无明显症状。2017年,H7N9 AIV出现变异株,表现出对家禽的高致病性,随后我国推出H5/H7二价苗,并在全国实施家禽强制免疫接种,有效控制了H7N9 AIV在我国家禽中的流行以及人类感染事件的发生,成为我国控制人兽共患传染病的成功案例。由于我国家禽养殖和AIV的复杂性,全面和持续的流行病学监测对于H7N9禽流感的防控仍然至关重要。本文针对2013年至今H7N9 AIV的流行特征、遗传变异特点及疫苗研究等内容作简要论述,以期为禽流感的预防和控制提供参考。

Research progress in H7N9 subtype avian influenza viruses

H7 N9 avian influenza viruses(AIVs)are important microbial pathogens that pose a continual threat to the poultry industry and threaten public health,because of their high infectivity and mortality rates in humans.Human infections with H7 N9 AIVs were first reported in China in 2013,and virus tracing studies found that H7 N9 AIVs were present in poultry but caused no obvious symptoms.In 2017,after the emergence of the H7 N9 variant,which showed high pathogenicity in chickens,the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine was used to inoculate poultry in China's Mainland.The national compulsory vaccination of poultry successfully controlled H7 N9 AIV circulating in chickens and thereby eliminated human infection with the H7 N9 virus in China.However,because of the complicated epidemic potential of AIVs,substantial and continuous viral surveillance is essential for the successful control of H7 N9 avian influenza.This article briefly discusses H7 N9 epidemic features,evolution and vaccination strategies,to provide a reference for avian influenza prevention and control.