鞍山市大气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的影响

目的探讨空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的危害.方法于2002年4月,在鞍山市轻、中、重污染区随机抽取小学和幼儿园各1所,学校内的所有学生作为调查对象(共1951人),调查不同污染区的儿童健康状况及室内外环境.结果鞍山市儿童持续咳嗽、持续咯痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣及喘鸣样症状的发生率分别为9.48%,4.82%,1.33%,0.92%,6.30%,4.97%.幼儿哮喘、哮喘现患,喘鸣、喘鸣样症状发生率均高于学龄儿童;性别间差异无统计学意义.重污染区儿童持续咳嗽和持续咯痰的发生率高于轻污染区儿童的发生率(P＜0.05).随着住房与交通干线距离的接近,儿童呼吸系统疾病的发生率也呈增高趋势.易感因素与室外空气污染的联合作用较强,呼吸系统各种疾病的发生率均以受大气污染影响的易感儿童为高,无大气污染影响的非易感儿童发生率为低.结论室外空气污染是儿童呼吸系统健康的影响因素.

Effects of Air Pollution on Respiratory System of Children in Anshan City

Objective To study the adverse effects of outdoor air pollution on children's respiratory system health in Anshan city. Methods 1951 children were randomly selected from three areas with different degree of air pollution in Anshan city. The parents of the children were asked to answer a questionnaire about their children's respiratory health and home environment. The data of health were collected included persistent cough, persistent phlegm, asthma, current asthma, wheeze, and wheeze symptom. Results The prevalence rates of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, asthma, current asthma, wheeze and wheeze symptom were 9.48%, 4.82%, 1.33%, 0.92%, 6.30% and 4.97% respectively. Outdoor air pollution was a risk factor for persistent cough and persistent phlegm. The respiratory symptoms increased as the house became near to the main traffic lines. Combined effect of susceptible factor and outdoor air pollution was obvious, the prevalence rates of respiratory diseases were higher in the susceptible children who were influenced by the other risk factors compared with those who were not influenced by the same factors. Conclusion Outdoor air pollution is an important factor which will damage children's respiratory system in Anshan city.