婴幼儿急性创伤性硬膜下血肿

目的 探讨婴幼儿急性创伤性硬膜下血肿临床特点及治疗方法.方法 回顾分析2002-2008年期间收治的年龄＜3岁的48例婴幼儿急性创伤性硬膜下血肿的临床特点.结果 婴儿31例,占65%;跌伤37例,占77%;12例(25%)有原发意识障碍,8例(17%)出现抽搐,8例(17%)合并颅骨骨折.18例行开颅血肿清除术(13例入院立即手术),7例行钻孔外引流,23例行保守治疗.1例因脑疝死亡,2例伴肢体运动功能减退,45例治愈.结论 婴幼儿急性创伤性硬膜下血肿发病率较高,尤其是婴儿,早期易被忽视,易转变为慢性硬膜下血肿或积液,早期诊断、积极外科治疗,预后良好.

Treatment of acute traumatic subdural hematomas in infants

Objective To investigate the clinical features of acute traumatic subdural hematomas (SDH) in infants and discuss the treatment methods. Methods The clinical features of 48 infants under three years old with acute traumatic SDH admitted from 2002 to 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 31 infants under one year old (65%). The most popular injury cause was accidental fall in 37 patients (77%). Of all patients, 12 patients (25%) had disturbance of consciousness,eight ( 17% ) had convulsion and eight ( 17% ) were combined with skull fractures. The treatment methods included craniotomy and evacuation of the blood clot in 18 patients ( including 13 patients underwent instant operation after admission ), burr hole craniotomy and external drainage of the chronic subdural hematoma in seven and conservative management in 23 with small subdural hematomas. All patients obtained good outcome except that two patients had motor dysfunction and one death. Conclusions The incidence of acute traumatic SDH in infants is high, especially in infants under one year old. It is easy to be disregarded at early stage and may deteriorate to chronic subdural hematoma or hydropsy. Early diagnosis and active surgical treatment may attain sound prognosis.