视网膜中央静脉阻塞致黄斑水肿的频域OCT形态表现

背景黄斑水肿是视网膜中央静脉阻塞（CRVO）视力损害的重要原因。频域OCT（SD-OCT）提高了扫描速度和图像的清晰度，有助于眼科医师了解黄斑水肿的形态改变和病理机制。目的利用SD-OCT观察分析CRVO性黄斑水肿的形态改变。方法回顾性分析2008年3月-2009年8月在北京协和医院眼科经视力、眼压、裂隙灯、间接检眼镜、荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）和SD-OCT检查确诊的CRVO患者资料。通过SD-OCT检查，分析黄斑区的形态改变。结果黄斑水肿的平均厚度为（527．5±218．2）μm，主要表现为囊样水肿55眼（84．6％），浆液性脱离15眼（23．1％）和神经上皮水肿增厚10眼（15．4％），以上3种形态可以合并出现。囊样水肿中心凹旁的囊腔可位于内核层、外丛状层和外核层，且内节／外节（IS／OS）层信号多有减弱或不连续。CME中合并不完全玻璃体后脱离（PVD）者占14．5％，神经上皮水肿增厚合并不完全PVD者占10．0％，差异无统计学意义（X^2=0．000，P=1．000），黄斑浆液性脱离的范围平均为1838．4μm×l428．1μm×190．1μm，且其中不完全PVD的发生率较高（X^2=4．266，P=0．039）。结论SD-OCT可以发现黄斑水肿区的细微形态特征，区分水肿所在的层面，观察IS／OS层的情况；黄斑浆液性脱离与不完全PVD有关。

Spectral-domain OCT features of macular edema induced by central retinal vein occlusion

Background Cystoid macular edema(CME) is an important cause of visual impairment of central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO).Spectral-Domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) has increased speed and higher resolution,offering a better chance of understanding the morphological changes and pathogenesis of CME. Objective This study was to survey the morphologic features of macular edema associated with CRVO by SD-OCT. Methods Clinical data of the patients with CRVO diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2008 to August 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.SD-OCT features of macular edema induced by CRVO were analyzed and recorded.Results The average macular foveal thickness was(527.5±218.2) μm in macular edemas eyes.Main morphological changes included 55 cases(84.6%) of CME,15 cases of(23.1%) serous macular detachment(SMD),and 10 cases(15.4%) of simple macular edema,and these findings occurred at the same time in some eyes.Cystoid spaces in the parafoveal region were seen in the inner nuclear layer,outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer,and discontinuous or weak inner segment/outer segment(IS/OS) line was often seen in CME.The incidence of CME associated with incomplete posterior vitreous detachment(PVD) was 14.5%,and that of neural epithelial edema associated with incomplete PVD was 10.0%,showing an insignificant difference between them(χ2=0.000,P=1.000).The average area of SMD was 1838.4μm ×1428.1μm×190.1μm,and the incidence of partial PVD was higher(χ2=4.266,P=0.039).Conclusion SD-OCT can reveal the micro-morphological change of macular zone in macular edema eye.SD-OCT enabled visualization of its spatial extent in each retinal layer and the condition of IS/OS layer.Serous macular edema is related with partial PVD.