西安市海洛因成瘾者美沙酮维持治疗半年疗效评估

目的:评价美沙酮维持治疗在西安市实施的效果,为进一步推广提供科学依据和经验。方法:在西安市5家美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)门诊按照机械抽样的原则选择1000人进行基线调查,治疗满6个月的700人进行随访调查。结果:与基线调查结果比较:(1)治疗6个月者的注射毒品发生率低(9·1%:72·2%);过去一个月注射毒品次数和共用针具次数少(83·01±s2·4和2·01±s1·9∶6·85±s1·9和0·27±s0·8);但与艾滋病高危性行为有关的因素无明显变化。(2)过去三个月被公安部门抓过的比例少(18·8%∶2·7%)。(3)自我感觉与家人的关系良好的比例高(40·2%∶76·2%);治疗后有固定收入和工作的比例高(16·6%和36·4%:27·1%和51·4%)。结论:通过半年的MMT疗效观察显示:西安市美沙酮维持治疗对受治者注射毒品高危行为、违法犯罪、社会家庭功能方面有明显改善,但有关高危性行为无明显变化。

EFFECTIVE EVALUATION OF METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT FOR HEROIN DEPENDENT PATIENTS IN XI'AN CITY

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of community-based methadone maintenance treatment(MMT) for heroin dependent patients in Xi’an City. Methods:Participants were chosen by systematic sampling from five MMT clinics in Xi’an City. There were two interviews in the study. Baseline interview was conducted among 1000 patients before being recruited into the treatment. Follow-up was conducted among 700 patients being in the treatment clinics for six months to get the information of the addiction status after treatment. Results:Compared with the data obtained from baseline survey, the study done after six month treatment showed that (1) the rate of injecting drug abuse in the last month was low(9.1% vs 72.2%), the times of injection and sharing syringes were less( 83.01±s 2.4 and 2.01±s 1.9 vs 6.85±s 1.9 and 0.27±s 0.8, respectively), but no change was observed in high-risk sexual behavior; (2)the crime rate decreased (18.8% vs 2.7%) and (3)the patients getting along well with family improved (40.2% vs 76.2%), and more patients had regular work and fixed income(16.6%,36.4%∶27.1%,51.4%). Conclusion:Six month MMT can reduce injecting drug abuse and criminal offences and improve social-family function,but for high-risk sexual behavior, the effect is not so obvious.