克服免疫屏障的黏膜疫苗递送技术研究进展

传染病对人类的生命健康和社会经济均带来巨大影响，而疫苗被证实仍是防治传染病最有效的措施。大多数感染性病原体通过黏膜表面入侵机体。经黏膜途径免疫的疫苗能够在病原体感染部位触发强大的保护性免疫反应，从根本上防止疾病的传播。生物材料和先进的药物递送技术推动黏膜疫苗进入发展的新时代。尽管如此，研究者对黏膜免疫的了解仍然有限，在黏膜疫苗的开发方面仍存在相当大的科学挑战。对黏膜免疫系统的研究现状和黏膜疫苗递送的最新技术进行综述，以期为感染性疾病相关的黏膜疫苗设计与研发提供参考。

Research Progress of Delivery Technologies to Overcome Immunological Barriers for Effective Mucosal Vaccination

Pandemic diseases pose a major threat to human health, life and economy in the world. Vaccines have been proved to be the most effective weapon for controlling and preventing pandemic diseases. As most pathogens invade the body through mucosal surfaces, mucosal vaccination can fundamentally prevent the spread of infectious pathogens by triggering the protective immunity at the mucosal sites. The application of biomaterials and advanced drug delivery technologies has ushered in a new era of mucosal vaccine development. Despite this, our knowledge of mucosal immunity remains limited, and considerable scientific challenges still remain unsettled in the development of mucosal vaccines. In this review, the latest progress of mucosal immune systems and the technological advancement of mucosal vaccine delivery are summarized, aiming to provide innovative strategies to facilitate the design and development of rational mucosal vaccine against infectious diseases.