老年患者的医院感染因素

目的分析老年住院患者医院感染的危险因素、特点及预防措施。方法对2007—2009年西安市中医医院住院病人发生医院感染491例老年患者进行回顾性调查。结果医院感染率为5.87%,感染部位主要以呼吸道、泌尿道、胃肠道为主;医院感染患者中有病原学诊断者168例,共检出细菌178株,革兰阴性菌81株（45.25%）,以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌为主,革兰阳性菌26株（14.53%）,以表皮葡萄球菌为主;真菌72株（40.22%）。结论有基础疾病、长期卧床、住院时间长、侵袭性操作等是医院感染的主要诱发因素,针对老年患者医院感染的危险因素,提出相应的预防措施,可降低医院感染发生率。

Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infection in Elderly Patients

[Objective] To analyze the risk factors,characteristics and preventive measures of nosocomial infection in elderly patients.[Methods]491 elderly inpatients with nosocomial infection in Xi＇an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital during 2007-2007 were investigated retrospectively.[Results]The incidence of nosocomial infection was 5.87%,infection sites were mainly urinary tract,respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract.168 patients were diagnosed by pathogen,and 178 strains of bacterial were detected.There were 81（45.25%） strains of Gram-negative bacilli,which included Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumonia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.26（14.53%） strains were Gram-positive bacilli,which was dominated by Staphylococcus epidermidis.72（40.22%） strains were fungi.[Conclusion]The main inducing factors of nosocomial infection were underlying diseases,bedridden,long-term hospitalization and invasion operation.The prevention measures aimed at risk factors of nosocomial infection can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.