小儿局灶节段性肾小球硬化38例临床表现与病理特点

目的　了解小儿局灶节段性肾小球硬化 (FSGS)的临床与病理特点。方法　 38例临床诊断为原发性肾病综合征 (NS)或蛋白尿 ,病理确诊为原发性FSGS的患儿 ,进行回顾性分析、总结。结果　FSGS年龄 ( 8.9± 3.7)岁 ,男∶女比为 1 92 ,临床诊断为孤立蛋白尿 3例 ,蛋白尿伴血尿 1例 ,NS34例 (单纯型 16例 ,肾炎型 18例 )。临床伴血尿 2 4例 ( 6 3% ) ,高血压 11例 ( 2 9% ) ,肌酐清除率降低7例 ( 18% )。病理分型为门型 17例 ,周围型 14例 ,Tip型 7例。 38例FSGS中 ,2 1例伴有系膜细胞增生。临床疗效 :34例NS中 ,激素初治敏感 12例 ,观察期末对激素治疗敏感者 6例。 4例非NS中 ,3例激素治疗无效 ,1例不详。应用CTX共 18例次 ,4 4 %缓解或部分缓解 ;应用甲泼尼龙加环磷酰胺冲击或口服环孢霉素A治疗 12例 ,83%缓解或部分缓解。结论　小儿FSGS学龄儿童多见 ,临床多表现为NS ,血尿常见 ,高血压及肾功能不全相对少见 ,病理可表现为多种病变 ,甲泼尼龙加环磷酰胺冲击或口服环孢霉素A治疗方案相对好

Clinical and pathological characteristics of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in children. METHODS: The data of 38 children,aged from one and half to 15 years, 25 boys and 13 girls, with primary FSGS were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Majority of the cases in this study were school-aged children. The average age of initial onset was 8.9 +/- 3.68 years. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.92. The clinical manifestation included isolated proteinuria in 3 cases, proteinuria and hematuria in 1 and nephrotic syndrome in 34 (simple type in 16 and nephritic type in 18). Of 38 cases, 24 (63%) presented with hematuria, 11 (29%) with hypertension and 7 (18%) with decreased creatinine clearance. The pathologic classification included perihilar variant in 17 cases, peripheral variant in 14 and tip variant in 7. The predominant clinical feature of children with tip variant was simple type of nephrotic syndrome (86%). Microscopic hematuria was not common (29%). Blood pressure and renal function were normal. The children with diffuse mesangial hypercellularity superimposed on changes of FSGS (in 21 of 38 cases) were more likely to have hematuria (76%) and less simple nephrotic syndrome (30%). The initial treatment response to prednisone in 34 cases with nephrotic syndrome showed sensitive in 12 cases, resistant in 21 and unknown in 1. Transition from sensitive to resistant occurred in six of 12 children. Three of 4 cases with non-nephrotic syndrome showed no response and the remaining one had unknown response. It was found that 44% of children who received cyclophosphamide and 83% of children who received pulse methylprednisolone and pulse cyclophosphamide or cyclosporin A in addition to oral steroids had complete or partial remission. Correlation analysis showed that the level of proteinuria after treatment was correlated directly with renal tubulointerstitial lesion and renal function (Pr = 0.48, P < 0.05; Pr = 0.45, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: FSGS was common in school-aged children. The predominant presenting feature was nephrotic syndrome. Hematuria was common. Hypertension and renal insufficiency were less frequently seen. The renal biopsy showed multiple variants. Pulse methylprednisolone and pulse cyclophosphamide or cyclosporin A treatments showed relatively good response.