深圳市居民乙型肝炎病毒感染危险因素分析

目的 了解广东省深圳市居民乙肝病毒(HBV)感染现状,分析HBV感染的相关危险因素.方法 于2010年在深圳市采用多阶段系统随机抽样方法抽取10个社区、1000户家庭,进行入户个案调查乙肝感染相关危险因素,并采集血样.用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测乙肝血清标志物:乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝核心抗体(抗-HBc).结果 HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc阳性率和HBV感染率分别为6.68%(252/3771)、71.92%(2712/3771)、37.39%(1564/3771)和45.98%(1734/3771);≤15岁人群乙肝疫苗接种率为93.62%(1752/1872),>15岁人群接种率为79.48%(1509/1899),差异有统计学意义(χ²=160.89,P<0.01);接种乙肝疫苗者与未接种者的HBV感染率分别为32.45%(1508/3261)和87.24%(445/510),差异有统计学意义(χ²=552.72,P<0.01);HBsAg阳性率与HBV感染率均随年龄上升有增加的趋势;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,家中有乙肝患者、内窥镜史、手术史及有偿献血史是深圳市居民乙肝感染的危险因素.结论 深圳市乙肝感染情况低于全国平均水平;乙肝感染具有家庭聚集性;医疗卫生因素对乙肝感染的影响较大.

Risk of hepatitis B virus infection among residents in Shenzhen city

Objective To examine infection status of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and risk factors of HBV infection among Shenzhen residents. Methods With multi-stage cluster systematic random sampling,3 771 residents aged 1-59 years were selected from 1 000 households in 10 communities for a home visiting survey and serological marker test of HBV.Hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg),antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen(anti-HBs),and antibody of hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results The positive rate of HBsAg,anti-HBs,anti-HBc,and the infection rate of HBV was 6.68%,71.92%,37.39%,and 45.93%,respectively,in the residents.The positive rate of HBsAg and the infection rate of HBV increased with age.Logistic regression analyses showed that the risk factors of HBV infection were with the family member of hepatitis B patients,history of endoscope examination,operation history,and blood donation history. Conclusion The infection rate of HBV in Shenzhen residents was lower than that of the national average rate.HBV infection has the trend of family cluster.Medical and health conditions are major influencing factors of HBV infection.