小鼠骨骼肌细胞离体胰岛素抵抗模型的建立和验证

目的:建立稳定可重复的骨骼肌细胞离体胰岛素抵抗模型,促进胰岛素抵抗病理机制的探索及药物的研发与筛选。方法:采用小鼠骨骼肌成肌细胞C2C12为研究对象,分别以正常分化液及含40和60 mmol/L葡萄糖的分化液诱导分化,每天用相差显微镜观察不同浓度葡萄糖处理对细胞汇聚、融合和形成多核肌管的影响;分别在分化1、3、5和7 d后应用2-NBDG法检测不同处理对细胞基础糖摄取和胰岛素刺激糖摄取的影响;在分化5 d和7 d后应用Western blot法检测不同干预对葡萄糖转运子4(glucose transporter 4,GLUT4)蛋白表达的影响;分化5 d后应用免疫荧光组化法检测不同干预对GLUT4蛋白分布的影响。结果:形态学结果显示,经60 mmol/L葡萄糖(高糖)处理3 d后明显抑制C2C12细胞的生长分化;葡萄糖摄取结果表明高糖处理5 d和7 d后均明显抑制C2C12的基础糖摄取和胰岛素刺激的糖摄取( P <0.01),且处理5 d后胰岛素刺激的糖摄取与基础糖摄取的差异无统计学显著性( P >0.05);Western blot检测结果表明高糖处理5 d和7 d后,胰岛素刺激的GLUT4表达与基础GLUT4表达的差异无统计学显著性( P >0.05),而对照组差异显著( P <0.05);免疫荧光组化检测结果表明高糖处理5 d后明显减少C2C12细胞胞膜上GLUT4蛋白分布水平( P <0.01)。40 mmol/L葡萄糖处理也在一定程度上发挥作用,但效果不如60 mmol/L葡萄糖明显和稳定。结论:通过高糖刺激可成功构建较为稳定的小鼠骨骼肌细胞离体胰岛素抵抗模型,以60 mmol/L葡萄糖刺激5 d效果最好,通过形态学观察并检测基础和胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取能力和GLUT4蛋白表达与分布能较好地评价骨骼肌细胞离体胰岛素抵抗水平。

Establishment and verification of insulin resistance model in mouse skeletal muscle cells

AIM: To establish a stable and repeatable insulin resistance model of skeletal muscle cells in vitro , so as to promote the exploration of the pathological mechanism of insulin resistance and the development and screening of related drugs. METHODS: C2C12 mouse myoblasts were used to induce differentiation in normal differentiation medium and differentiation medium containing glucose at 40 and 60 mmol/L, respectively. The effects of glucose at different concentrations on cell convergence, fusion and formation of multinucleated myotubes were observed under phase contrast microscope every day. After 1, 3, 5 and 7 d of differentiation, 2-NBDG assay was used to detect the effects of different interventions on C2C12 basal glucose uptake and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The effects of different interventions on the protein expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) after 5 d and 7 d of differentiation were determined by Western blot. The effects of different interventions on the distribution of GLUT4 protein after 5 d of differentiation were detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: After treated with glucose at 60 mmol/L, the morphological observation showed that high glucose treatment significantly inhibited the growth and differentiation of C2C12 cells after 3 d. High glucose treatment significantly inhibited basal glucose uptake and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of the C2C12 cells after 5 d and 7 d ( P <0.01). No difference between insulin-stimulated GLUT4 expression and basal GLUT4 expression after 5 d and 7 d of high glucose treatment was observed ( P >0.05), but there was significant difference between control group and 60 mmol/L group ( P <0.05) determined by Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining observation showed that the distribution of GLUT4 protein in the C2C12 cell membrane was significantly decreased after 5 d of high glucose treatment ( P <0.01). Glucose treatment (40 mmol/L) also played a role to some extent, but the effect was not as obvious and stable as 60 mmol/L glucose. CONCLUSION: A stable insulin resistance model of mouse skeletal muscle cells in vitro was successfully established by high glucose stimulation. The treatment of glucose at 60 mmol/L for 5 d was the best. Morphological observation and detection of basic and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 protein expression and distribution evaluates the insulin resistance level of skeletal muscle cells in vitro .