炎症性肠病营养风险和营养治疗方案选择的回顾性分析

目的 :了解IBD病人的营养风险发生情况、相关因素以及营养治疗的选择。方法 :以2006年1月至2015年12月在北京大学第一医院治疗并随访的IBD病人为研究对象。根据病历记录采用营养风险筛查2002进行营养风险评估。根据病人的体重指数(BMI)分为正常组(BMI在18.5~23.9之间)、降低组(BMI18.5)和增高组(BMI≥24)。了解IBD整体和UC、CD病人的营养风险发生情况,分析营养风险的相关因素,比较营养治疗方案的选用。结果 :388例IBD病人纳入研究,UC 306例,CD 82例,营养风险总发生率为49.5%。尽管UC和CD入院时的BMI分布无差异,但CD的营养风险为64.6%,UC为45.4%,(P=0.002),CD较UC更易发生营养风险。BMI降低者的营养风险发生率高达95.7%。营养风险的发生在年龄、性别、IBD家族史上无差异。UC复发频繁、重度活动、广泛受累者营养风险比例较高。CD穿透型、既往有手术史和重症活动者营养风险比例较高。选择充足热卡营养治疗的病人CD为77.4%,明显高于UC的46.8%,(P0.001)。本组IBD病人肠内营养治疗遵循,重症UC病人不能一味强调肠内营养途径,CD病人应先处理好禁忌征再开展肠内营养的原则。结论:IBD病人的营养风险高,CD较UC更明显,尤其应重视低BMI值的IBD病人。UC和CD病人的营养风险发生各有其相关因素。把握好适应征和禁忌征的前提下给予IBD病人肠内营养治疗是安全的。

Retrospective analysis of nutritional risk and nutritional treatment options in inflammatory bowel disease

Objective:To understand the nutritional risk in patients with IBD,its related factors and nutritional treatment options.Methods:IBD patients treated in Peking University first hospital from January 2006 to December 2015 were studied.Using the Nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) nutritional risk assessment of the patients were evaluated.According to the body mass index (BMI),patients were divided into normal BMI group (BMI 18.5 ～ 23.9),low BMI group (BMI ＜ 18.5) and high BMI group (BMI ≥ 24).We analyzed the nutritional risk related factors and compared the difference of nutritional therapy options,regarding the UC and CD patients respectively.Results:A total of 388 patients with IBD were enrolled in the study,with UC 306 and CD 82 patients.The total nutritional risk was 49.5％.Although there was no difference in BMI distribution between UC and CD,CD was more likely to have nutritional risk than UC (CD 64.6％,UC 45.4％,(P =0.002).The nutritional risk of low BMI group was 95.7％.There were no differences in age,sex,and family history in IBD patients for the occurrence of nutritional risk.The more frequently recurrence,severe of disease activity,and the wider rang of disease bring the higher nutritional risk for UC patients.But for CD patients,penetrating type,having a history of surgery and severe of disease activity had higher nutritional risk.Adequate caloric nutrition therapy in patients with CD was 77.4％ higher than that of UC 46.8％,(P ＜ 0.001).It was a main principle of our center that UC patients with severe recurrence should not emphasize enteral nutrition and CD patients should first deal with the contraindications before starting enteral nutrition.Conclusions:IBD patients have a high nutritional risk and CD is more obvious than UC,particularly in low BMI patients.The nutritional risk of patients with UC and CD has its own associated factors.It is safe to treat IBD patients with enteral nutrition as long as the indications and contraindications were well controlled.