Prolonged IL‐1β exposure alters neurotransmitter and electrically induced Ca2+ responses in the myenteric plexus

Background Infection and inflammatory diseases of the gut results in profound changes of intestinal motor function. Acute administration of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) was shown to have excitatory and neuromodulatory roles in the myenteric plexus. Here we aimed to study the effect of prolonged IL‐1β incubation on the response of myenteric neurones to different stimuli. Methods Longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus preparations (LMMP’s) of the guinea pig jejunum were incubated for 24 h in medium with or without IL‐1β. After loading with Fluo‐4, calcium imaging was used to visualize activation of neurones. The response to application of serotonin (5‐HT), substance P (SP) and ATP or to electrical fibre tract stimulation (eFTS) was tested. Expression of nNOS, HuD, calbindin and calretinin was compared by immunohistochemistry. Key Results IL‐1β concentration‐dependently influenced the neuronal responsiveness and duration of the Ca²⁺]_i rises to 5‐HT and ATP, while it also affected the Ca²⁺‐transient amplitudes induced by 5‐HT, ATP and SP. Ca²⁺‐transients in response to eFTS were observed in significantly more neurones per ganglion after IL‐1β (10^?10 and 10^?11 mol L^?1). Peak Ca²⁺]_i rise after eFTS was concentration‐dependently decreased by IL‐1β. The duration of the Ca²⁺]_i rise after eFTS was prolonged after IL‐1β 10^?12 mol L^?1. IL‐1β (10^?9 mol L^?1) incubation did not affect the number of nNOS, calretinin and calbindin expressing neurones, nor did it induce neuronal loss (HuD). Conclusions & Inferences In this study, IL‐1β differentially modulates the neuronal response to eFTS and neurotransmitter application in the myenteric plexus of guinea pigs. This cytokine could be implicated in the motility disturbances observed during gastrointestinal inflammation.